Ureide Content of Guar under Influence of Hexaconazole and Triazophos

Abstract

The important part of regular human diet is vegetable, which supply minerals and nutrients for maintenance of health. India is first rank producer of guar comprise 83% of total world production but these are affected by diseases like leaf spots, leaf blotch and insect pest such as serpentine leaf miners, hairy caterpillars and jassids. The major biotic constraint in vegetable production is pest problem. Application of pesticides has now become a common practice in modern agriculture. Chemicalization of agriculture rescues the crop from pest and diseases but when applied in excessive dose affects on plant health and metabolism. The various stresses alter the plant metabolism including pesticidal stress. The ureide content is reported in this study under pesticidal stress of Hexaconazole and Triazophos in leguminous vegetables guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) after seed treatment and foliar sprays to ensure the nitrogen fixation and metabolism. Changes in the correlation between nitrogen fixation and ureide levels accelerate disturbance in the nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen products in plant. The concentrations of both pesticides for this experiment were 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3%. The seeds were soaked in these concentrations of pesticides for 12 h. After 12 h seed soaking period, the treated seeds were thoroughly washed with distilled water and sown in earthen pot containing garden soil and manure. The first foliar spray of Hexaconazole and Triazophos were applied with respective concentrations on 10 th day while second foliar spray was on 25 th day of plant growth. Analysis of ureide was carried out on the 15 th and 30 th day of growth that is 5 days after each spray. The uriede content in guar was remarkable increased after seed treatment followed by first foliar spray of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% hexaconazole however decreased it with dose concentrations of second foliar spray. The ureide content was decreased after both the foliar sprays of Triazophos.

Fungicide-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Mitigate Physiological Disruption of White Radish Caused by Fungicides Used in the Field Cultivation

“…Fungicides also adversely affect the function and composition of soil enzymes, as well as microbial respiration, biomass production, diversity, and function [ 11 , 12 ]. Among fungicides, hexaconazole (HEXA), for example, has been found to adversely affect the various metabolic activities of plants [ 13 ]. Additionally, repeated use of fungicides has led to the emergence of resistance among fungal phytopathogens.…”

Toxicity of fungicides toPisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes

“…For instance, hexaconazole, a broadspectrum systemic fungicide, is used to manage phytopathogenic fungi 12 on the one hand, while it negatively affects the BNF, ureide levels, N transformation and overall performance of leguminous plants on the other hand. 13,14 Also, it decreases chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment formation by legumes, for example, Phaseolus vulgaris. 15 In yet another study, the fungicide pyrimorph has been found to strongly inhibit the electrontransport reactions of chloroplasts and thus damages the physiological machinery of whole plants.…”

Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodules

“…Plant treatment with certain fungicides reduced or stopped the formation of nodules and disrupted nitrogen fixation. For example, hexaconazole is used to control phytopathogenic fungi [77] but negatively affects biological nitrogen fixation, ureide levels, nitrogen transformation, and the overall yield of legume crops [78,79]. Previously, it was shown that the use of the tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) fungicide reduced the nodule number in pea laboratory lines Sprint-2 and SGE, as well as in the cv.…”