Ureaplasma urealyticum and Upper Urinary Tract Stones

Hedelin, Hans; Brorson, John‐Erik; Grenabo, L.; Pettersson, S.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1984.tb05381.x

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Urease activity is essential for the colonization of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori and colonization of the urinary tract by both Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (20,25,30). In addition, urease is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Ureaplasma urealyticum urinary and respiratory tract infections (27,35).…”

Section: Vol 186 2004 Global Gene Expression In S Aureus Biofilms mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Gene Expression in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

et al. 2004

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We previously demonstrated that mutation of the staphylococcal accessory regulator (sarA) in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus (UAMS-1) results in an impaired capacity to form a biofilm in vitro (K. E. Beenken, J. S. Blevins, and M. S. Smeltzer, Infect. Immun. 71: [4206][4207][4208][4209][4210][4211] 2003). In this report, we used a murine model of catheter-based biofilm formation to demonstrate that a UAMS-1 sarA mutant also has a reduced capacity to form a biofilm in vivo. Surprisingly, mutation of the UAMS-1 ica locus had little impact on biofilm formation in vitro or in vivo. In an effort to identify additional loci that might be relevant to biofilm formation and/or the adaptive response required for persistence of S. aureus within a biofilm, we isolated total cellular RNA from UAMS-1 harvested from a biofilm grown in a flow cell and compared the transcriptional profile of this RNA to RNA isolated from both exponential-and stationary-phase planktonic cultures. Comparisons were done using a custom-made Affymetrix GeneChip representing the genomic complement of six strains of S. aureus (COL, N315, Mu50, NCTC 8325, EMRSA-16 [strain 252], and MSSA-476). The results confirm that the sessile lifestyle associated with persistence within a biofilm is distinct by comparison to the lifestyles of both the exponential and postexponential phases of planktonic culture. Indeed, we identified 48 genes in which expression was induced at least twofold in biofilms over expression under both planktonic conditions. Similarly, we identified 84 genes in which expression was repressed by a factor of at least 2 compared to expression under both planktonic conditions. A primary theme that emerged from the analysis of these genes is that persistence within a biofilm requires an adaptive response that limits the deleterious effects of the reduced pH associated with anaerobic growth conditions.

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Section: Vol 186 2004 Global Gene Expression In S Aureus Biofilms mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Gene Expression in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

et al. 2004

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“…These organisms are frequently present in the lower urinary tract and our results support the hypothesis that they occasionally can colonize the upper urinary tract in a retrograde fashion. We have demonstrated in humans that ureaplasmas can reach and colonize and subse quently form stones in the upper urinary tract [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous experimental stud ies have shown that inoculation of U. urealyticum into the rat bladder results in the formation of bladder stones [6] despite the fact that it has not been possible to recul ture the organism from the stone, or the bladder [7, 8J. In contrast, M. hominis is not urease-producing and has not been incriminated with stone formation clinically or experimentally [5,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathogenetic significance has been recog nized for U. urealyticum in nongonococcal urethritis in males [1] and for M. hominis in acute pyelonephritis [2], In addition, evidence supports the etiologic role of U. urealyticum in cystitis not only in patients with hypo gammaglobulinemia [3] but also in otherwise healthy individuals [4], U. urealyticum is a urease-producing microorganism and it has recently been found to be involved in the formation of infection-related stones. These stone are located in the upper urinary tract of man and are composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate [5]. Previous experimental stud ies have shown that inoculation of U. urealyticum into the rat bladder results in the formation of bladder stones [6] despite the fact that it has not been possible to recul ture the organism from the stone, or the bladder [7, 8J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Lesions of the Rat Urinary Tract Induced by Inoculation of Mycoplasmas and Other Urinary Tract Pathogens

et al. 1989

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The effects on the urinary tract after inoculation of Ureaplasma urealyticum into the rat bladder were evaluated and compared to that seen after Mycoplasma hominis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis inoculation. The inoculation of the urease-producing organisms P. mirabilis and U urealyticum were associated with the formation of struvite bladder stones and predominantly hyperplastic lesions of the bladder. The P. mirabilis inoculated rats also displayed marked pyelonephritis. A similar but much less pronounced reaction also occurred in the kidneys of some of the U urealyticum inoculated rats. P. mirabilis could frequently be recultured. In contrast, this was not possible with U. urealyticum, but the oganism was detected by scanning electron microscopy 2 weeks after the inoculation. Inoculation of M. hominis was associated with a few mild lesions of the bladder, but inflammatory lesions were not present in the kidneys. The study confirms the potential of Ureaplasma to form struvite stones in rat urinary tract. It also demonstrates that it can induce inflammatory changes in both bladder and kidney of rats without concomitant stone formation.

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“…Die Urate sind nicht zu verwechseln mit den Harnsäurekonkrementen, welche sich im sauren Milieu bei Urin-pH-Werten von <6,0 bilden. Die Ausbildung von Struvit ist aufgrund gemeinsamer prädisponierender Faktoren oft mit der Mineralisation von Karbonatapatit [Dahlit, Ca 10 (PO 4 ,CO 3 ) 6 (OH,CO 3 ), radiologisch schattengebend, relative Häufigkeit von 4,8-32,5%[2,23]] vergesellschaftet[12]. Beide Minerale werden häufig als Mischkomponenten in einem Harnstein beobachtet.Während Struvitsteine pathognomonisch für das Vorhandensein eines HWI sind, ist das Auftreten von Karbonatapatitsteinen ohne Struvit als Mischkompo-…”

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Harnwegsinfektionen und Urolithiasis

Meißner

Mamoulakis

Laube³

2010

Urologe

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The classic "infection stone" struvite is formed as a result of metabolic activity of urease-positive bacteria from alkaline urine with pH-values above 7.5. Due to improved infection diagnostics and antibiotic therapy, the occurrence of infection-related urinary stones in the western industrialized world decreases, despite the generally increasing prevalence rates of urolithiasis in these societies. Struvite is often associated with other mineral phases. These accessory mineral phases could indicate other, non-infection-related causes of urinary stone formation. Thus, mineral analysis is always recommended. Struvite stones as well as struvite encrustations on urinary tract implants are characterized by rapid growth. The rapid growth-related embedding of urease-positive bacteria in the crystalline material makes the urinary stone a persistent source of recurrent urinary tract infections. According to the German Society of Urology guidelines on urolithiasis, a patient with the diagnosis "infection stone" should be assigned to the "high-risk" patient group. Complete stone and debris removal, as well as a special metaphylaxis strategy are required to initiate successful stone therapy.

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Ureaplasma urealyticum and Upper Urinary Tract Stones

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Global Gene Expression in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Global Gene Expression in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Morphological Lesions of the Rat Urinary Tract Induced by Inoculation of Mycoplasmas and Other Urinary Tract Pathogens

Harnwegsinfektionen und Urolithiasis

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