Urea derivatives enhance the photocatalytic activity of dye-modified titanium dioxide

Füldner, Stefan; Mitkina, T. V.; Trottmann, Tobias; Frimberger, Alexandra; Gruber, Michael; König, Burkhard

doi:10.1039/c0pp00374c

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The reason, in our opinion, partially lies in the wide band gap of this classical photocatalyst and the challenges associated with the use of UV light. In order to enable photochemistry under longer wavelength, dye‐sensitized versions of TiO 2 have been developed . Alternatively, medium band gap metal chalcogenides have been studied as well …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Solar Hydrogen Production and Organic Synthesis: Exciting Chemistry and Economic Advantages

Savateev

Antonietti

2019

ChemCatChem

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Molecular photoredox complexes from the platinum group paved the way of organic photocatalysis. However, high price and difficulties related to removal and recycling hamper application of such complexes on the larger scale. Carbon nitride semiconductor photocatalysts are deprived at large extent of such limitations. Herein, we summarize application of ionic carbon nitrides in photocatalysis. A salt-like structure of ionic carbon nitrides comprising negatively charged poly (heptazine imide) anion and positively charged alkali metal cations gives rise to a number of unique properties and high activity in photocatalysis. The performance of ionic carbon nitrides in H 2 generation is up to 100 times higher compared with the covalent graphitic carbon nitrides. Eleven photocatalytic reactions mediated by ionic carbon nitrides and their long-lived radicals are reviewed. Economy of using carbon nitride photocatalysts in comparison with the photoredox complexes from the platinum group has been analyzed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Solar Hydrogen Production and Organic Synthesis: Exciting Chemistry and Economic Advantages

Savateev

Antonietti

2019

ChemCatChem

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“…Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to develop photocatalysts capable of utilizing the less energetic but more abundant visible light, which accounts for about 43 % of the incoming solar energy. [3][4][5][6] Among the various routes for utilizing visible light, dye sensitization is a viable and widely used strategy to enable visible-light harvesting of wide-bandgap semiconductors, [8][9][10][11][12] and has been successfully applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). [13] Up to now, some metal complexes (e.g., Ru or Pt complexes, [10,14,15] metalloporphyrins, and phthalocyanines [10,16] ) and organic dyes (e.g., eosin Y and Rhodamine B, [8] rose Bengal, [17] merocyanine and coumarin, [18] porphine, [19] and binaphthol [20] ) have been used as sensitizers for H 2 production under visible-light irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production over Binuclear Ru^II–Bipyridyl Dye‐Sensitized TiO₂ without Noble Metal Loading

Zhang

Uahengo

Mao

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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Highly efficient, visible light induced photocatalytic H(2) production was achieved over a TiO(2) system sensitized by binuclear Ru(II) bipyridyl (bpy) complex [Ru(2)(bpy)(4)(BL)](ClO(4))(2) (BL = bridging ligand) without Pt loading, which is almost unaffected by pH in aqueous solution in the wide range from pH 5.00 to 10.50, although the dye molecules can only be loosely attached to TiO(2) due to the absence of terminal carboxyl groups. The photocatalyst shows remarkable long-term stability and reproducibility of H(2) evolution even after exchanging the aqueous triethanolamine solution. The amount of H(2) evolved over 100 mg of photocatalyst in 27 h of irradiation corresponds to a turnover number of about 75,340, and the apparent quantum yields are estimated to be 16.8 and 7.3 % under 420 and 475 nm monochromatic light irradiation, respectively. A comparative study shows that the loosely attached dye [Ru(2)(bpy)(4)(BL)](ClO(4))(2) has higher photosensitization efficiency than tightly linked dyes with terminal carboxyl groups, such as [Ru(2)(dcbpy)(4)(BL)](ClO(4))(2) and N719. It can be rationalized by their different coordination, physicochemical, electron-injection, and back-transfer properties.

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“…However, its wide band gap (3.2eV), which can only utilize ultraviolet light, limits its application in photocatalytic H 2 evolution through visible light that occupies a large portion of solar spectrum (approximately 42%) near the earth's surface. To extend the light-absorbing range of nano-TiO 2 to improve its catalytic activity , the dye sensitization is usually seen as an effective strategy which has been successfully applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [5][6][7][8][9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization of a new photosensitive compound [Ru(bpy)2 (TPAD)](PF6)2 and its application for photocatalytic hydrogen production

Zheng

Guo

Yin

et al. 2016

Chemical Physics Letters

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A new photosensitive compound based on triphenylamine donor and ruthenium(II), namely [Ru(bpy) 2 (TPAD)](PF 6 ) 2 (PS1,bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, [1,10] phenanthroline-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine), had been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1 H NMR, MS spectra, UV, PL and CV measurements . The target photocatalyst, PS1/0.5wt%Pt/TiO 2 , was prepared by sensitizing PS1 to 0.5wt%Pt/TiO 2 and characterized by SEM and XRD. The highest hydrogen evolution reached to 9500 mol·(g catalyst) -1 (475μmol,31.7 TON and TOF 5.8 vs. PS1) under the optimal conditions with 0.05 g·L -1 of PS1, and 5% of TEOA at pH 11 with the irradiation of 5.5h. The mechanism of hydrogen evolution was also briefly discussed in the present work.

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Urea derivatives enhance the photocatalytic activity of dye-modified titanium dioxide

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Solar Hydrogen Production and Organic Synthesis: Exciting Chemistry and Economic Advantages

Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Solar Hydrogen Production and Organic Synthesis: Exciting Chemistry and Economic Advantages

Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production over Binuclear Ru^II–Bipyridyl Dye‐Sensitized TiO₂ without Noble Metal Loading

Synthesis, characterization of a new photosensitive compound [Ru(bpy)2 (TPAD)](PF6)2 and its application for photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Urea derivatives enhance the photocatalytic activity of dye-modified titanium dioxide

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Solar Hydrogen Production and Organic Synthesis: Exciting Chemistry and Economic Advantages

Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Solar Hydrogen Production and Organic Synthesis: Exciting Chemistry and Economic Advantages

Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production over Binuclear RuII–Bipyridyl Dye‐Sensitized TiO2 without Noble Metal Loading

Synthesis, characterization of a new photosensitive compound [Ru(bpy)2 (TPAD)](PF6)2 and its application for photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production over Binuclear Ru^II–Bipyridyl Dye‐Sensitized TiO₂ without Noble Metal Loading