Urea and nitrogen excretion in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients

Mendley, Susan R.; Majkowski, Nancy L.

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00442.x

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Total nitrogen excretion was determined using 20 μL of 24-h diluted in 1,000 μl of distillated water using a chemiluminescence nitrogen analyzer according to the method proposed by Grimble et al ( 1988 ). The nitrogen balance was calculated considering total nitrogen excretion and protein intake [NB = (Protein intake (g)/6.25) – Total nitrogen excretion (g) + 4 (g)] (Mendley and Majkowski, 2000 ). Creatinine and urea concentrations were determined by colorimetric reaction with a spectrophotometer using a Creatinine and Urea CEkit (Labtestdiagnóstica ®).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine: A Potential Ergogenic Aid for Preventing Muscle Damage and Protein Catabolism and Decreasing Oxidative Stress Produced by Endurance Exercise

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine and chocolate milk supplementation on oxidative stress and protein metabolism markers, and aerobic parameters in triathletes.Methods: A double-blind, crossover study was conducted with 10 male triathletes, aged 30.9 ± 1.3 year, height 1.79 ± 0.01 m and body weight 77.45 ± 2.4 kg. Three grams of taurine and 400 ml of chocolate milk (TAUchoc), or a placebo (chocolate milk) (CHOC) was ingested post exercise for 8 weeks. Oxidative stress marker levels, and 24 h urinary nitrogen, creatinine, and urea excretion were measured before and after 8 weeks of training and supplementation with TAUchoc or CHOC. A maximal incremental running test on a treadmill was performed in order to evaluate aerobic parameters: Vmax, heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE).Results: TAUchoc treatment during the 8 weeks resulted in increased taurine plasma levels (PRE 201.32 ± 29.03 μmol/L and POST 234.36 ± 35.51 μmol/L, p = 0.01), decreased malondialdehyde levels (19.4%, p = 0.03) and urinary nitrogen excretion (−33%, p = 0.03), and promoted positive nitrogen balance (p = 0.01). There were no changes in reduced glutathione (TAUchoc PRE 0.72 ± 0.08 mmol/L and POST 0.83 ± 0.08 mmol/L; CHOC PRE 0.69 ± 0.08 mmol/L and POST 0.81 ± 0.06 mmol/L), vitamin E plasma levels (TAUchoc PRE 33.99 ± 2.52 μmol/L and 35.95 ± 2.80 μmol/L and CHOC PRE 31.48 ± 2.12 μmol/L and POST 33.77 ± 3.64 μmol/L), or aerobic parameters, which were obtained in the last phase of the maximal incremental running test (Vmax TAUchoc PRE 13 ± 1.4 km/h and POST 13.22 ± 1.34 km/h; CHOC PRE 13.11 ± 2.34 km/h and POST 13.11 ± 2.72 km/h), the heart rate values were TAUchoc PRE 181.89 ± 24.18 bpm and POST 168.89 ± 46.56 bpm; CHOC PRE 181.56 ± 2.14 bpm and POST 179.78 ± 3.4 bpm, and the RPE were TAUchoc PRE 8.33 ± 2.4 AU and POST 9.1 ± 2.1 AU; CHOC PRE 8.11 ± 4.94 AU and POST 8.78 ± 2.78 AU).Conclusion: Taurine supplementation did not improve aerobic parameters, but was effective in increasing taurine plasma levels and decreasing oxidative stress markers, which suggests that taurine may prevent oxidative stress in triathletes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine: A Potential Ergogenic Aid for Preventing Muscle Damage and Protein Catabolism and Decreasing Oxidative Stress Produced by Endurance Exercise

et al. 2017

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“…24,25 Assays Blood samples were obtained for determination of apelin level, serum biochemistry and hemogram. Samples were analyzed by using routine laboratory methods for hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), total protein, albumin, prealbumin, Ca, P, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), C-reactive protein (CRP) and PTH.…”

Section: Protein Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apelin and nutritional status in children on dialysis

et al. 2014

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Background: We aimed to evaluate whether serum apelin could reflect the nutritional status of children on dialysis. Methods: Twelve patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 20 patients on hemodialysis (HD) were enrolled. Patients received individualized diet for six months. Anthropometric and laboratory indices were measured at onset and the end of the study. Results: The anthropometric indices were all significantly lower in patients than in controls whereas similar in PD and HD patients. The protein catabolic rate (nPCR), height, mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), arm muscle area (AMA) and arm fat area (AFA) z scores were significantly increased in dialysis patients after nutritional intervention. Weight z scores statistically increased in HD group whereas did not statistically change in PD group. Serum albumin levels were significantly improved in PD and HD patients. Apelin levels were similar in PD, HD and control groups. Post nutritional apelin values did not differ in each dialysis groups. On multivariate analysis, apelin was independently associated with age, weight, ESR and TG. Conclusions: Apelin seems to be not a useful indicator for monitoring the nutritional status in children on dialysis. However, the close link of apelin with inflammatory and lipid parameters suggested that apelin might be a novel target for slowing the atherogenic process in pediatric dialysis patients.

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“…According to KDQI dietary reviews should be obtained every 0.5-1, 1-3, and 3-4 months in PD children 0-1, 1-3, and >3 years of age [192]. In steady-state PD patients, protein intake can also be estimated by calculating the protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (PNA), using the formula proposed by Mendley and Majkowski [181] and modified by Edefonti et al incorporating BSA in the calculation [86].…”

Section: Nutritional Management Of Children Receiving Maintenance Permentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritoneal Dialysis in Children

Patel

Kv³

et al. 2015

Pediatric Nephrology

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In children with chronic kidney disease stage 5D peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains the dialysis modality most commonly prescribed, especially as automated PD. Nowadays it can be started from the first days of life on, and applied even to some preterm babies. This chapter gives an overview on PD membrane ultrastructure and function, on technical prerequistes of PD, on optimal PD prescription and on specific treatment targets and tools to monitor efficacy. It describes PD related infectious and noninfectious complications, long term peritoneal and systemic sequelae and current state of the art of how these can be mitigated or even be prevented.

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Urea and nitrogen excretion in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients

Abstract: Markers of protein metabolism in pediatric PD patients are age dependent and differ from adult values. An age-specific relationship between TNA and UNA is defined for pediatric subjects; it does not vary with rhGH or the presence of residual renal function.

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Taurine: A Potential Ergogenic Aid for Preventing Muscle Damage and Protein Catabolism and Decreasing Oxidative Stress Produced by Endurance Exercise

Taurine: A Potential Ergogenic Aid for Preventing Muscle Damage and Protein Catabolism and Decreasing Oxidative Stress Produced by Endurance Exercise

Apelin and nutritional status in children on dialysis

Peritoneal Dialysis in Children

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