Urea Amperometric Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Polypyrrole and Poly Ortho-Phenylenediamine

Ivanova, Svetla; Ivanov, Yavor; Godjevargova, Tzonka

doi:10.4236/ojab.2013.21002

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To do so, we used the developed electrodes, Pt/MPPy/GA-Urs or Pt/PPy/GA-Urs, as the working electrodes at fixed potential of +0.3 V vs. reference electrode (RE) for chronoamperometry [31]. Polymerization of the pyrrole was carried out with CV within the potential range of -1.0 to 1.0 V vs. RE at the scan rate of 100 mV s −1 [15]. The recorded current was directly related to the urea hydrolysis by urease.…”

Section: Electrochemical Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amperometric urea biosensor based on immobilized urease on polypyrrole andmacroporous polypyrrole modified Pt electrode

Hosseinian¹,

Najafpour²,

Rahimpour³

2019

Turk J Chem

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Biosensing of urea by a biosensor as a direct detection method at ambient temperature and pressure instead of chromatography leads to a significant reduction in processing costs. Amperometric biosensors based on urease immobilization on macroporous polypyrrole (MPPy) and pyrrole on the surface of a Pt electrode were developed. Applying cyclic voltammetry (CV), we demonstrated the synthesis of MPPy using monodispersed polystyrene spheres (460 nm) as a template. CV and chronoamperometric studies were conducted to evaluate the electrochemical current of the modified electrodes. For the electrode with polypyrrole (PPy), the biosensor response was linear in the range of 1.67-8.32 mM (R 2 = 0.99). Sensitivity, detection limit, and response time of this biosensor were 0.0035 mA mM −1 , 2.57 mM, and ∼ 7 s, respectively. For the electrode with MPPy, the linear range was 0.5-10.82 mM (R 2 = 0.99). For this biosensor, sensitivity, detection limit (S/N = 3), and response time were 0.0432 mA mM −1 , 0.208 mM, and ∼ 5 s, respectively. The modified biosensor with MPPy showed high stability and desirable selectivity for urea.

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Section: Electrochemical Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immobilized urease on various supports as a biocatalyst converts urea to ammonium ( N H + 4 ) and bicarbonate ( HCO 3 ) ions. These ions change the electrical properties of the sample due to an increase in the pH of the solution according to the Nernst equation, which subsequently gives an electrical signal [2,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric urea biosensor based on immobilized urease on polypyrrole andmacroporous polypyrrole modified Pt electrode

Hosseinian¹,

Najafpour²,

Rahimpour³

2019

Turk J Chem

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“…Entrapment of enzymes can occur during synthesis, which simplifies the biosensor preparation. Examples of biosensors based on conducting polymers include glucose biosensor based on GOx, 165–167 H 2 O 2 biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase, 165 urea biosensor based on urease, 168 and cholesterol biosensor based on cholesterol oxidase. 169 …”

Section: Use Of Organic Nanomaterials In Enzyme-based Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in nanomaterial application in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors: a review

et al. 2019

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Electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors are one of the largest and commercially successful groups of biosensors. Integration of nanomaterials in the biosensors results in significant improvement of biosensor sensitivity, limit of detection, stability, response rate and other analytical characteristics. Thus, new functional nanomaterials are key components of numerous biosensors. However, due to the great variety of available nanomaterials, they should be carefully selected according to the desired effects. The present review covers the recent applications of various types of nanomaterials in electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors for the detection of small biomolecules, environmental pollutants, food contaminants, and clinical biomarkers. Benefits and limitations of using nanomaterials for analytical purposes are discussed. Furthermore, we highlight specific properties of different nanomaterials, which are relevant to electrochemical biosensors. The review is structured according to the types of nanomaterials. We describe the application of inorganic nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs), zeolites, inorganic quantum dots, and organic nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carbon and graphene quantum dots, graphene, fullerenes, and calixarenes. Usage of composite nanomaterials is also presented. ). S. Dzyadevych is also working as a deputy director of the same institute since 2019. They received PhD degrees in biotechnology. They are developing electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors for medical, research, and industrial applications. The biosensors are based on amperometric, ISFET, and conductometric transducers and immobilized enzymes.a AgNPssilver nanoparticles; AuNPsgold nanoparticles; CNTscarbon nanotubes; NADHreduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; PdNPs palladium nanoparticles; PtNPsplatinum nanoparticles; QDsquantum dots.This journal is Fig. 1 Ways of embedding NMs in the enzyme-based biosensors. (a) Enzyme immobilization on the NM-modified electrode. (b) Schematic of the biosensor based on phosphotriesterase (PTE) immobilized via glutaraldehyde on the graphene surface with platinum nanoparticles. Reprinted with permission from . 25 (c) Enzyme/NM co-immobilization on the electrode. (d) Schematic of the biosensor based on glucose oxidase encapsulated in a chitosan-kappa-carrageenan bionanocomposite. Reprinted from Material Science and Engineering: C, 95, I. Rassas, M. Braiek, A. Bonhomme, F. Bessueille, G. Rafin, H. Majdoub, and N. Jaffrezic-Renault, Voltammetric glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase encapsulation in a chitosan-kappa-carrageenan polyelectrolyte complex, 152-159, Copyright (2018), with permission from Elsevier. 26 4562 | Nanoscale Adv., 2019, 1, 4560-4577 This journal is Fig. 5 Schematics of the hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on oligoaniline-cross-linked HRP/CNT composite and cyclic voltammograms of the bio...

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“…Ivanova et al reported amperometric urea biosensor based on nanostructured polypyrrole. They found that the sensitivity of biosensors was increased with CNT and PPy [25]. In the previous studies done on biosensors based on CNT/PPy modified electrodes, the CNT was physically entrapped within the growing film by using some mediator which can alter the environment for the biomolecule to be immobilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrrole/MWCNT nanobiocomposite based electrochemical urease biosensor

Meshram¹,

Kondawar²

2019

Adv. Mater. Lett.

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Fabrication of nanocomposite film of electrically conducting polypyrrole (PPy) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a stainless steel electrode by electro-deposition method and immobilization of urease onto the nanocomposite film to obtain a nanobiocomposite electrode as a sensitive electrochemical urease biosensor is reported. Cross-linking by glutaraldehyde (0.1%) method for the immobilization of urease (2 mg/mL) in a phosphate buffer solution of 0.1 molarity at a pH of 7.0 was used. The Characterization of the nanocomposite and nanobiocomposite film thus obtained was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The increased size of the Cyclic voltammogram and shifting of anionic peaks towards the lower voltage indicates the incorporation of MWCNTs into the growing film during the electro-deposition of PPy on electrode. Reduction of the oxidation potential due to MWCNTs leads to lowering of potential for the electro-catalytic reduction of urea. The incorporation of functionalized MWCNT also made possible increased amount of enzyme concentration, an extended lifetime, long time stability and improved response times of the enzyme electrode. This modified nanobiocomposite electrode showed a good linear response to the urea concentration change in the range of 10 mM to 50 mM. The results obtained from Michaelis-Menten constant K´m, maximum current (Imax), detection limit, sensitivity, response time and shelf-life of electrochemical biosensor indicating good sensing for urea detection.

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Urea Amperometric Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Polypyrrole and Poly Ortho-Phenylenediamine

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Amperometric urea biosensor based on immobilized urease on polypyrrole andmacroporous polypyrrole modified Pt electrode

Amperometric urea biosensor based on immobilized urease on polypyrrole andmacroporous polypyrrole modified Pt electrode

Advances in nanomaterial application in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors: a review

Polypyrrole/MWCNT nanobiocomposite based electrochemical urease biosensor

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