Urchin-like magnetic microspheres for cancer therapy through synergistic effect of mechanical force, photothermal and photodynamic effects

Abstract

Background Magnetic materials mediated by mechanical forces to combat cancer cells are currently attracting attention. Firstly, the magnetic force penetrates deeper into tissues than the NIR laser alone to destroy tumours. Secondly, the synergistic effect of nano-magnetic-material characteristics results in a viable option for the targeted killing of cancer cells. Therefore, mechanical force (MF) produced by magnetic nanomaterials under low frequency dynamic magnetic field combined with laser technology is the most effective, safe and efficient tool for killing cancer cells and tumour growth. Results In this study, we synthesized novel urchin-like hollow magnetic microspheres (UHMMs) composed of superparamagnetic Fe3O4. We demonstrated the excellent performance of UHMMs for killing laryngocarcinoma cancer cells through mechanical force and photothermal effects under a vibrating magnetic field and near-infrared laser, respectively. The killing efficiency was further improved after loading the synthesised UHMMs with Chlorin e6 relative to unloaded UHMMs. Additionally, in animal experiments, laryngocarcinoma solid tumour growth was effectively inhibited by UHMMs@Ce6 through magneto-mechanic force, photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Conclusions The biocompatibility and high efficiency of multimodal integrated therapy with the UHMMs prepared in this work provide new insights for developing novel nano therapy and drug loading platforms for tumour treatment. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that UHMMs/Ce6 are excellent tools for strongly inhibiting tumour growth through the above-mentioned characteristic effects. Graphical Abstract

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticle for the elimination of CD133+CD44+ and CD44+CD24−, in breast and skin cancer stem cells, using non-ionizing treatments

“…The simultaneous use of photodynamic with MHT also multiplies the effect of these combined treatments due to the PDT-Induced radical toxicity by weaken theheat-shock cellular defense [ 79 , 80 ]. In addition, the dose of the nanoparticle, frequency and magnetic field, light exposure dose used in the combined treatments are much less than individual treatments, and itself helps to maintain healthy tissue in next in vivo studies [ 81 ]. Also these combination therapies showed good effect on reduction of CD44 + CD24 − and CD133 + CD44 + cells which are well-known surface biomarkers of CSCs [ 82 ].…”

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Photothermal Agents: Optimal Parameters for Photoconversion Efficiency and Ability for Synergistic Cancer Treatment

“…In a study by Wu et al [107], novel hollow magnetic microspheres were synthesized, composed of superparamagnetic Fe3O4, for multimode cancer therapy. Results demonstrated that a combination of NPs, magneto-mechanical force, photothermal, and photodynamic effects under a varying magnetic field and 808 nm laser led to the elimination of nearly all cancer cells, with approximately 99% cell death.…”