Urbanization, Food Security and Nutrition

Ruel, Marie T.; Garrett, James Leo; Yosef, Sivan; Olivier, Meghan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43739-2_32

Cited by 63 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…One in five households experienced severe food deprivation, with a larger proportion of food insecure households in urban areas. The association between urbanization and low food security has been observed in low‐income countries (Dangura & Gebremedhin, ; Matuschke & Kohler, ; Ruel, Garrett, Yosef, & Olivier, ; Szabo, ). Although more than 70% of the poorest households experienced some level of food insecurity, approximately 40% of households in the wealthiest quintile also experienced moderate or severe food insecurity, suggesting that factors other than food availability and affordability are likely influencing children's diets in this context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among Mongolian children 6–23 months of age

Janmohamed

Luvsanjamba²,

Норов

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Little is known about factors influencing children's dietary intake in Mongolia, a country undergoing rapid nutrition transition. Using nationally representative data from the 2017 Mongolia National Nutrition Survey, we assessed the nutritional status of children aged <2 years and examined household, maternal, and child factors associated with feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months ( n = 938). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). The prevalence of child stunting (length/height‐for‐age Z ‐score < −2 SD ) was 6.3%, and the prevalence of overweight (weight‐for‐height Z ‐score > +2 SD) was 16.8%. The prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency was 39.0% and 32.2%, respectively, and 73.5% and 85.5% of children had inadequate vitamin A and vitamin D status, respectively. Of children aged 6‐23 months, 92.1% ( n = 864) had MMF, 49.6% ( n = 465) had MDD, and 43.8% ( n = 411) achieved MAD. Increased household wealth was positively associated with all three indicators, whereas severe food insecurity was not associated with MMF, MDD, or MAD. Older child age (odds ratio, 95% CI: 1.09 [1.06, 1.12]; p < .001) and maternal dietary diversity (odds ratio, 95% CI: 2.36 [1.67, 3.34]; p < .001) were positively associated with child MDD. Nutrition‐specific and nutrition‐sensitive efforts are needed to improve the dietary quality of infants and young children in Mongolia and reduce the high burdens of child micronutrient deficiency and overweight in the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among Mongolian children 6–23 months of age

Janmohamed

Luvsanjamba²,

Норов

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…Women at lower socioeconomic levels are especially vulnerable to this shift. Over time, it is expected that wealthier, more highly educated populations will adapt by purchasing healthier, more expensive foods, while lower income groups will bear the burden of poor diets and obesity [65].…”

Section: The Consequences Of Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In HICs, people in low-income areas are less likely to have access to grocery stores; instead, these areas are more likely to have convenience stores and fast food restaurants that offer unhealthy food options [63, 64]. In LMICs, urban populations have less access to healthy options and consume more energy-dense diets high in fat, sugar, and salt as a result [65–67]. These factors also contribute to food insecurity, which is associated with obesity and binge eating in HICs [9•, 68, 69].…”

Section: The Consequences Of Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Diets Be Healthy, Sustainable, and Equitable?

Fanzo

Davis

2019

Curr Obes Rep

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review the evidence on global dietary intake and trends in dietary patterns over time and to examine associations between diets and health, environment, and equity.Recent FindingsDiets now serve as a significant risk factor for the global burden of disease and death. Diet-related non-communicable disease and rising obesity are increasingly prevalent, affecting much of the global population. At the same time, the food system is producing food in ways that are not aligned with planetary health. Inequity restricts access to healthy diets and is associated with broad social determinants.SummaryCurrent dietary patterns are increasingly unhealthy, unsustainable, and inequitable for many populations. Multi-pronged interventions are needed to address the impacts of diets in order to improve human and planetary well-being.

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“…Reardon and Hopkins (2006) suggest that it is the role of government to proactively manage the "emerging tensions" among supermarkets, suppliers and traditional suppliers. Ruel et al (2017) are optimistic about the desire and capacity of policy to enable positive food security outcomes. Timmer (2017) recently suggested that "government policies can shape both the positive and negative dimensions (of supermarket expansion) at the margin, but most of the dynamics of supermarket growth are stimulated by technological changes and consumer demands that are beyond the control of governments."…”

Section: The Supermarket Revolution and Food Security In Namibiamentioning

confidence: 99%