Urbanization delays plant leaf senescence and extends growing season length in cold but not in warm areas of the Northern Hemisphere

Li, Daijiang; Stucky, Brian J.; Baiser, Benjamin; Guralnick, Robert

doi:10.1111/geb.13429

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…The human population density of each county through time was used as a proxy for urbanization in this study, as it is: highly correlated with the degree of urbanization (Bagan & Yamagata, 2015); often used to represent the degree of urbanization or rural-urban gradients (McDonnell & Hahs, 2008;Balk et al, 2018); and frequently used in this manner in studies of urbanization effects on phenology (Li et al, 2019(Li et al, , 2021(Li et al, , 2022Bonnet-Lebrun et al, 2020). We calculated population density based on population size and county area collected in the decadal census data from the U.S. Census Bureau (2020).…”

Section: Climate Frost Risk and Population Density Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex climate‐mediated effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology and frost risk

et al. 2023

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Summary Urbanization can affect the timing of plant reproduction (i.e. flowering and fruiting) and associated ecosystem processes. However, our knowledge of how plant phenology responds to urbanization and its associated environmental changes is limited. Herbaria represent an important, but underutilized source of data for investigating this question. We harnessed phenological data from herbarium specimens representing 200 plant species collected across 120 yr from the eastern US to investigate the spatiotemporal effects of urbanization on flowering and fruiting phenology and frost risk (i.e. time between the last frost date and flowering). Effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology varied significantly in direction and magnitude across species ranges. Increased urbanization led to earlier flowering in colder and wetter regions and delayed fruiting in regions with wetter spring conditions. Frost risk was elevated with increased urbanization in regions with colder and wetter spring conditions. Our study demonstrates that predictions of phenological change and its associated impacts must account for both climatic and human effects, which are context dependent and do not necessarily coincide. We must move beyond phenological models that only incorporate temperature variables and consider multiple environmental factors and their interactions when estimating plant phenology, especially at larger spatial and taxonomic scales.

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Section: Climate Frost Risk and Population Density Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex climate‐mediated effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology and frost risk

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, Zani et al (2020) suggested that the increased plant productivity during the growing season is related to the earlier EOS because the amount of nonstructural carbon plants can hold is limited. The cities located in the warm and water-abundant regions generally have higher plant productivity during the growing season which might cause vegetation to hit the carbon limitation earlier than the cities located in cold regions (Li et al, 2021).…”

Section: Imprint Of Urban Warming On Vegetation Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban environments provide new perspectives for forecasting vegetation phenology responses under climate warming

Lei

Zhao

2023

Global Change Biology

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Given that already‐observed temperature increase within cities far exceeds the projected global temperature rise by the end of the century, urban environments often offer a unique opportunity for studying ecosystem response to future warming. However, the validity of thermal gradients in space serving as a substitute for those in time is rarely tested. Here, we investigated vegetation phenology dynamics in China's 343 cities and empirically test whether phenological responses to spatial temperature rise in urban settings can substitute for those to temporal temperature rise in their natural counterparts based on satellite‐derived vegetation phenology and land surface temperature from 2003 to 2018. We found prevalent advancing spring phenology with “high confidence” and delaying autumn phenology with “medium confidence” under the context of widespread urban warming. Furthermore, we showed that space cannot substitute for time in predicting phenological shifts under climate warming at the national scale and for most cities. The thresholds of ~11°C mean annual temperature and ~600 mm annual precipitation differentiated the magnitude of phenological sensitivity to temperature across space and through time. Below those thresholds, there existed stronger advanced spring phenology and delayed autumn phenology across the spatial urbanization gradients than through time, and vice versa. Despite the complex and diverse relationships between phenological sensitivities across space and through time, we found that the directions of the temperature changes across spatial gradients were converged (i.e., mostly increased), but divergent through temporal gradients (i.e., increased or decreased without a predominant direction). Similarly, vegetation phenology changes more uniformly over space than through time. These results suggested that the urban environments provide a real‐world condition to understand vegetation phenology response under future warming.

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“…Los cambios incluyen un florecimiento y madurez más tempranas en los cultivos agrícolas que afectan los tiempos de siembra y cosecha 93,94,95,96,97 , estaciones alérgicas más largas e intensas (KM 14.4) 98 y una mayor actividad de las plagas 99,100 . Los cambios son más pronunciados en latitudes y elevaciones altas y en zonas urbanizadas 101,102 . Los desajustes fenológicos surgen cuando la sincronización de actividades de las especies que interactúan cambia a ritmos diferentes, como cuando la disponibilidad de alimentos deja de coincidir con las necesidades de un organismo dependiente 103,104 .…”

Section: Cambios En La Fenologíaunclassified

Cap. 8. Ecosistemas, servicios ecosistémicos y biodiversidad. En: La Quinta Evaluación Nacional del Clima.

2023

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Urbanization delays plant leaf senescence and extends growing season length in cold but not in warm areas of the Northern Hemisphere

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Complex climate‐mediated effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology and frost risk

Complex climate‐mediated effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology and frost risk

Urban environments provide new perspectives for forecasting vegetation phenology responses under climate warming

Cap. 8. Ecosistemas, servicios ecosistémicos y biodiversidad. En: La Quinta Evaluación Nacional del Clima.

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