Urbanization and Underdevelopment: A Global Study of Modernization, Urban Bias, and Economic Dependency

Bradshaw, York W.

doi:10.2307/2095451

Cited by 150 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Email use does not necessarily circumvent problems of collaboration. In sum, these empirical investigations support the pessimistic view of technology transfer espoused in urban bias [BRADSHAW, 1987], digital divide [ESCOBAR, 1995;HEDLEY, 1999;ENGELHARD, 1999] and reagency [SHRUM, 2005] perspectives. While the Internet is proving to be an efficient vehicle for progress in the North, according to some scholars it may act as an 'affliction' to development, further widening the knowledge and economic divides between First and Third Worlds.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…Moreover where resources are few and concentrated, urban male elites may be more likely to enjoy digital access, thus magnifying geo-social asymmetries within some developing regions. This echoes traditional feminist [XIE & SHAUMAN, 2003] and urban bias [BRADSHAW, 1987] perspectives. With inconsistent access society-wide, developing world researchers, especially women and those outside core research regions, are more likely to fall farther A third possibility views the Internet as a catalyst for new collaborative links between core and peripheral institutions -a 'teething' process.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

“…Second, in many developing regions, social network and technology resources are often concentrated by urban elites at the expense of rural and semi-urban regions [BRADSHAW, 1987]. Moreover, female scientists face 'patrifocal' constraints in some developing world cultures that limit their access to new technologies and the ability to network outside the domestic arena [PALACKAL & .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is geo-social symmetry within a given research community if the distribution of professional contacts (resources) is equitably distributed across sub-regions (core, semiperiphery and periphery), among male and female scientists and among researchers in different age cohorts. The regional dimension is of particular interest since traditionally development resources have been concentrated in core or urban regions at the expense of rural ones in many Third World nations [BRADSHAW, 1987]. This is supported in part by MULLIN & AL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internet practice and professional networks in Chilean science: Dependency or progress?

et al. 2009

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The conventional view depicts scientific communities in the developing world as globally isolated and dependent. Recent studies suggest that individual scientists tend to favor either local or international ties. Yet there are good reasons to believe that both kinds of ties are beneficial for knowledge production. Since they allow for the more efficient management of social networks, Internet technologies are expected to resolve this inverse relationship. They are also expected to decentralize access to resources within developing regions that have traditionally reflected an urban male bias. Elaborating upon science, development and social network perspectives, we examine the impact of the Internet in the Chilean scientific community, addressing the questions 'to what extent is Internet use and experience associated with the size of foreign and domestic professional networks?' and 'are professional network resources equitably distributed across regional and demographical dimensions?' We offer results from a communication network survey of 337 Chilean researchers working in both academic departments and research institutes. We introduce a new measure, 'collaboration range', to indicate the extent to which scientists engage in work with geographically dispersed contacts. Results suggest that larger foreign networks are associated with higher email use and diversity, but local networks are smaller with longer use of the Internet. Diversity of email use is also associated with diverse geographical networks. Moreover, Internet use may be reducing the significance of international meetings for scientific collaboration and networking. Finally, results also show that in the Internet age professional network resources are distributed symmetrically throughout the Chilean scientific community.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

supporting

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internet practice and professional networks in Chilean science: Dependency or progress?

et al. 2009

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“…Variables associated with non-core position, such as degree of multinational penetration, have been shown 10 correlate positively with rapid urban growth and with employment concentration in the tertiary sector, and negatively with economic growth (London, 1987;London and Smith, 1988;Bradshaw, 1987). In these studies, the impact of external economic dependency is shown, following Lipton (1977), to affect urbanization and development mainly through intermediate, internal processes.…”

Section: Manual Jobs With Intermediate Pay In Manufacturing Ormentioning

confidence: 98%