Urbanization and Rural- Urban Migration in China since 1982

Chan, Kam Wing

doi:10.1177/009770049402000301

Cited by 98 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Suburban counties are defined as rural areas (Chan, 1994). In China, the suburban counties, being predominantly agricultural in nature, are not urban, except for the designated towns in these counties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of Implicit Gender Attitudes May Exaggerate Differences in Underlying Associations among Chinese Urban and Rural Women

Jin

Rivers

Sherman

et al. 2016

Psychologica Belgica

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The oppression of women in rural China is more severe than in urban China, not only because the two areas differ in terms of social hierarchy, but also because urban women are more likely to fight against their subordination, which is endorsed by conventional social views on gender. To independently assess these relationships, we applied the Quadruple Process model to measure the processes underlying implicit gender attitudes in a sample of urban and rural females. The results indicated that the urban women had higher in-group favoritism than did the rural women. Application of the Quad model, however, showed that pro-women associations were similarly activated among urban and rural women, but that women in rural settings more effectively inhibited activated associations. Differences in inhibition, rather than in activated associations, appear to account for the less favorable attitudes among rural women. Thus, the differences in attitudinal responses among urban and rural women exaggerate the differences in underlying evaluative associations with respect to gender and conceal differences in self-regulating the expression of those associations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of Implicit Gender Attitudes May Exaggerate Differences in Underlying Associations among Chinese Urban and Rural Women

Jin

Rivers

Sherman

et al. 2016

Psychologica Belgica

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“…Besides urban construction land, the bulk of the construction land is widely scattered in the countryside. Rapid urban development and expansion bring about significant migration from rural areas to cities for non-farm occupations [11][12][13][14]. The resident population in rural areas and agricultural household registration population have experienced a rapid decrease between 1996 and 2001, but rural residential land continues to expand significantly [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–Rural Construction Land Replacement for More Sustainable Land Use and Regional Development in China: Policies and Practices

Wang

et al. 2019

Land

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With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, land exploitation in China has caused a decrease of cultivated land, posing a threat to national food security. To achieve the goals of both economic development and cultivated land protection, China launched an urban–rural land replacement measure supported by a new land use policy of “increasing vs. decreasing balance” of construction land between urban and rural areas in 2008. Setting China’s urban and rural land use policies in a historical context and urban–rural sustainable development, this paper discusses four practices in Jiangsu Province, Tianjin Municipality, Shandong Province, and Chongqing Municipality. These practices achieved success in impelling agricultural modernization development, improving rural infrastructure and living circumstances, releasing the potential of rural land resources, and increasing cultivated land and urban construction land in the past decade. However, in some practices, problems, and even some conflicts, exist in the protection of farmers’ rights and interests. These challenges are discussed in the context of implementation. In order to better implement urban–rural construction land replacement and achieve better results, the authors argue that farmers’ rights and interests must always be put first and their wishes should be respected more, a consolidated urban–rural land market and a better land market mechanism should be founded, the supply of public goods and services for villagers should be further improved, and supervision and evaluation mechanisms should be further strengthened.

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“…Most countries in the world are experiencing these two processes regardless of their development stage and will continue to do so for a long time [2,21,[74][75][76]. Previous related studies have been mainly conducted at the macro-provincial or national level and investigate the influence of rural migration on urbanization [2,66,77] or the role of urbanization in rural migration [2,78], with a lack of attention devoted to the coupling coordination pattern between the two processes [72]. China is still the largest developing country; its urbanization will continue to develop rapidly and, due to the urban-rural and regional disparities, the scale of rural-to-urban and west-to-east migration will remain large.…”

Section: Rural Migration and Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Migration and Urbanization in China: Historical Evolution and Coupling Pattern

Guo

Qiao

2020

Sustainability

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Using a population dataset of China, this study analyzes the spatial pattern of rural migration and urbanization and their coupling coordination relationship and investigates the causes of their spatial heterogeneity. Results show that rural migration and urbanization from 1978 to 2017 can be divided into three stages, i.e., the recovery and development stage, the stable and rapid development stage, and the stage of promoting the citizenization of the rural migrant population. From 2000 to 2010, counties with average annual growth rates of the ratio of rural migration (GRM) ranging from 0 to 5.00% showed a spatial pattern of ubiquitous distribution, while there were significant spatial inequalities in the average annual growth rates of the urbanization rate of the residential population (GUR) and hukou-registered population (GUH). Since urbanization and rural migration are two synergistic processes, coupling coordination degrees (CCDs) between GRM and GRU as well as GRM and GUH were generally between 0.60 and 0.80. Due to the gaps in socioeconomic development, spatial distance, and the policy system, they also showed regional heterogeneity, and there were notable differences in CCD between rural migration and urbanization of residential and hukou-registered populations. Finally, we propose that China should implement targeted and people-oriented measures to guide rural migration, promote new-type urbanization, and achieve integrated urban–rural development.

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Urbanization and Rural- Urban Migration in China since 1982

Cited by 98 publications

References 17 publications

Measures of Implicit Gender Attitudes May Exaggerate Differences in Underlying Associations among Chinese Urban and Rural Women

Measures of Implicit Gender Attitudes May Exaggerate Differences in Underlying Associations among Chinese Urban and Rural Women

Urban–Rural Construction Land Replacement for More Sustainable Land Use and Regional Development in China: Policies and Practices

Rural Migration and Urbanization in China: Historical Evolution and Coupling Pattern

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