Urbanization and Climate Change

Bazrkar, Mohammad Hadi; Zamani, Negin; Eslamian, Saeid; Eslamian, Alireza; Dehghan, Zohreh

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40455-9_90-3

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Urbanization, along with its consequence, climate change, is occurring at an unprecedented rate [87,88]. This rapid, uncontrollable acceleration of urbanization has led to worsening environmental degradation, resulting in issues such as pollution and unpredictable climate patterns, among many other indirect consequences [19][20][21][22][88][89][90][91].…”

Section: Seasonal Trajectory Of the Sap Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rapid, uncontrollable acceleration of urbanization has led to worsening environmental degradation, resulting in issues such as pollution and unpredictable climate patterns, among many other indirect consequences [19][20][21][22][88][89][90][91]. The environmental change occurring in the urban world does not only affect the cities themselves-the climate impact of urbanization is spreading out on a global scale [1,2,87]. The loss of vegetation due to urbanization leads to several consequences.…”

Section: Seasonal Trajectory Of the Sap Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phenological Changes of Mongolian Oak Depending on the Micro-Climate Changes Due to Urbanization

Kim

Lim

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urbanization and the resulting increase in development areas and populations cause micro-climate changes such as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This micro-climate change can affect vegetation phenology. It can advance leaf unfolding and flowering and delay the timing of fallen leaves. This study was carried out to clarify the impact of urbanization on the leaf unfolding of Mongolian oak. The survey sites for this study were established in the urban center (Mts. Nam, Mido, and Umyeon in Seoul), suburbs (Mts. Cheonggye and Buram in Seoul), a rural area (Gwangneung, Mt. Sori in Gyeonggi-do), and a natural area (Mt. Jeombong in Gangwon-do). Green-up dates derived from the analyses of digital camera images and MODIS satellite images were the earliest in the urban center and delayed through the suburbs and rural area to the natural area. The difference in the observed green-up date compared to the expected one, which was determined by regarding the Mt. Jeombong site located in the natural area as the reference site, was the biggest in the urban center and decreased through the suburbs and rural area to the natural area. Green-up dates in the rural area, suburbs, and urban center were earlier by 11.0, 14.5, and 16.3 days than the expected ones. If these results are transformed into the air temperature based on previous research results, it could be deduced that the air temperature in the urban center, suburbs, and rural area rose by 3.8 to 4.6 °C, 3.3 to 4.1 °C, and 2.5 to 3.1 °C, respectively. Green-up dates derived based on the accumulated growing degree days (AGDD) showed the same trend as those derived from the image interpretation. Green-up dates derived from the change in sap flow as a physiological response of the plant showed a difference within one day from the green-up dates derived from digital camera and MODIS satellite image analyses. The change trajectory of the curvature K value derived from the sap flow also showed a very similar trend to that of the curvature K value derived from the vegetation phenology. From these results, we confirm the availability of AGDD and sap flow as tools predicting changes in ecosystems due to climate change including phenology. Meanwhile, the green-up dates in survey sites were advanced in proportion to the land use intensity of each survey site. Green-up dates derived based on AGDD were also negatively correlated with the land use intensity of the survey site. This result implies that differences in green-up dates among the survey sites and between the expected and observed green-up dates in the urban center, suburbs, and rural area were due to the increased temperature due to land use in the survey sites. Based on these results, we propose conservation and restoration of nature as measures to reduce the impact of climate change.

show abstract

Section: Seasonal Trajectory Of the Sap Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seasonal Trajectory Of the Sap Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological Changes of Mongolian Oak Depending on the Micro-Climate Changes Due to Urbanization

Kim

Lim

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, urban settlements in low-and middle-income countries, especially those facing a combination of rapid urbanisation and migration (Dreyfus 2015), are expected to face climate-change impacts more immediately and severely (Moser and Satterthwaite 2008). Housing's exposure to climatic stresses, whether rapid or slow onset, creates sensitivities and vulnerabilities at the local level (Figure 1), yet differ across communities as the impact of climate change on housing is tendentially linked to socio-economic constraints (Bazrkar et al 2015). Particularly neglected or contested are historical areas, informal settlements, and low-income communities, which may face higher vulnerabilities (Dreyfus 2015).…”

Section: Climate-change Adaptation and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased vulnerability that is linked to the causes and effects of rapid urbanisation (Bazrkar et al 2015) is also correlated with the 'changing dimensions of migration' (IPCC 2014, p.552). For instance, increasing temperatures are discussed in relation to the changing availability of local resources and economic (agricultural) activities; i.e., in rural areas, temperature increases result in migration (Raleigh et al 2008) toward more economically advantageous locations, typically toward cities (see also Mukaddim et al in this book on climaterelated migration).…”

Section: Climate Change and Urban Informalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing and Human Settlements in a World of Change

Ley¹,

Rahman²,

Fokdal³

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This publication is a timely contribution as it addresses the mounting unmet demand for housing that stems from the almost global absence of government interventions since the 1990s. During the last few years, the international community has joined hands to articulate and formulate major goals, agendas and strategies. These 15-to 20-year perspectives set the backdrop against which key actors, including governments, academia, professionals, developers, civil society and the private sector, should further develop them into programmes, interventions and actions on the ground.Challenges: Access to affordable housing globally is becoming more and more elusive to large numbers of urban populations. As many cities mature and expand, affordable land for housing becomes increasingly scarce and costly and thereby beyond the reach even of the middle class. In most developing countries, housing demand, from the rapidly growing lower and middle-income group, is neither met by the public sector (national and local authorities) nor by the private sector (the forces of the market). Planning the development of affordable serviced land and housing as well as providing financial and mortgage schemes are either absent, undeveloped or, if they exist at all, they do not target the informally employed lower-income groups.Government responses: Over the last 60 to 70 years, housing policies have shifted the roles of the public sector from direct delivery by the central government to a laissez-faire role that is limited to enabling the market. Only in rare situations has the market worked and, even then, there has had to be some support to vulnerable groups through social and financial programmes. The private sector, in the majority of cases, favoured earning rapid high profits by focussing on housing for higher income groups that could buy housing units thus enabling 1 This Keynote was delivered at the 19thN-AERUS conference on "Housing and Human Settlements in a World of Change", held in Stuttgart 8-10th of November 2018.

show abstract