Urbanization, and child mental health and life functioning in Vietnam: implications for global health disparities

Weiss, Bahr; Dang, Hoang Minh; Lam, Trung; Nguyen, Minh Cao

doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01838-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, from the results shown in Table 4, the minimum annual income of urban residents in Vietnam is only equivalent to less than 20% of GDP per capita, which means that Vietnam still faces serious social inequality, which many economists believe may Damage to the long-term healthy development of Vietnamese society [23][24][25]: The economic crisis has plunged a large number of urban population into extreme poverty, coupled with the strong social control of the Vietnamese authoritarian authorities [26,27], the dissatisfaction and survival pressure of the Vietnamese bottom society can only be transferred to other urban dwellers [28,29], which in turn lead to rampant violence and crime, as in the slums of other developing country cities [30,31]. Therefore, the Vietnamese authorities still need to pay attention to the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor in the city.…”

Section: Urbanization and Economic Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Economic Inequality in Vietnam’s Urban Residents: Export-Oriented Economy, Urbanization and Corruption

Qin¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

2022

Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research

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As one of the fastest growing countries in the world and a typical emerging market developing country, Vietnam has an economic miracle based on an export-oriented economy. While the influx of investment and foreign exchange into income opportunities in Vietnam, the economic gap in income and wealth has also widened due to corruption fueled by rapid urbanization and a boom in foreign trade exports. Therefore, studies on Vietnam's export-oriented economy, corruption, urbanization, and inequality have a good role in showing social problems in developing countries. At the same time, Vietnam can be used as an example to find solutions to similar social problems in similar countries. Based on the data of the World Bank and other authoritative databases, this study uses the Stata correlation test to study the degree of export-oriented economy, corruption, urbanization, and income inequality of urban residents in Vietnam, and finally determines the main factors of income inequality of urban residents in Vietnam. The reason is the low degree of urbanization and export-oriented economy, followed by corruption. With the social and economic development of Vietnam, Vietnam's urbanization and export-oriented economic development will continue to improve the standardization and legalization of social governance in Vietnam, reduce corruption, and improve economic inequality among urban residents in Vietnam.

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Section: Urbanization and Economic Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Economic Inequality in Vietnam’s Urban Residents: Export-Oriented Economy, Urbanization and Corruption

Qin¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

2022

Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research

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“…Each item is rated regarding how serious a problem the item has been over the last 12 months, on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 = no problem to 3 = a serious problem. The measure has been used in a number of countries around the world including in Southeast Asia (Dang et al, 2016)), and found to be a reliable and valid measure of functional impairment in youth (Lee et al, 2015; Paula et al, 2007; Weiss et al, 2020). The items demonstrated adequate internal consistency in the current sample (Cronbach’s α = 0.69).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent and convergent validity of culture-specific psychopathology syndromes among Cambodian adolescents

Đào

Khann

Seponski

et al. 2022

Transcult Psychiatry

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Psychopathology is defined in part by its impacts on life functioning (e.g., fulfillment of daily responsibilities at work or school, in family relationships). Relations to life functioning are particularly important in the validation of culture-specific syndromes (patterns of mental health symptoms specific to a particular culture), to demonstrate that culture-specific symptom patterns do in fact represent pathology. The current study's goal was to assess the construct validity of the Cambodian Somatic Symptom and Syndrome Inventory (CSSI). The study focused on the statistically unique effects of the CSSI on life functioning (i.e., effects of the CSSI on life functioning, controlling for Western psychopathology syndromes), to determine whether the CSSI contributes information beyond standard Western measures, which would support CSSI culture-specific convergent validity. Because adolescence is a key period when psychopathology often develops, study participants were 391 high-school students in one urban and one rural area of Cambodia. Participants completed the CSSI, the Western psychopathology surveys Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7), and life functioning measures assessing functional impairment, quality of life, and help-seeking. Results indicated strong CSSI concurrent validity (canonical correlation = 0.75) with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, and CSSI total effects convergent validity on life functioning indicators. All CSSI statistically unique effects (controlling for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7) on life functioning measures were non-significant indicating that the CSSI, shown to be a valid assessment measure in the current study, does not add predictive information beyond standard Western measures. A key limitation that should be considered in interpretation of these results is that the life functioning measures, although reviewed by Khmer psychologists, were Western-based, thus potentially inflating relations with Western psychopathology measures.

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“…To account for potential confounding effects, we adjusted for several variables, including age at assessment, BMI 12 comorbidities, urbanization level, 27 and birth years. Age-and sex-specific BMI was categorized based on Taiwan's Ministry of Education guidelines on underweight, average, overweight, or obese.…”

Section: Other Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness and Risk of Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Chiang,

Chuang,

Chen

et al. 2024

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceWith the rising prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents, identifying modifiable associations is critical.ObjectiveTo examine the association between physical fitness and mental disorder risks.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Student Fitness Tests and National Health Insurance Research Databases from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into 2 cohorts targeting anxiety and depression (1 996 633 participants) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 1 920 596 participants). Participants were aged 10 to 11 years at study entry and followed up for at least 3 years, had a nearly equal gender distribution, and an average follow-up of 6 years. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to February 2024.ExposuresAssessments of physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), muscular endurance (ME), muscular power (MP), and flexibility, measured through an 800-m run time, bent-leg curl-ups, standing broad jump, and sit-and-reach test, respectively.Main Outcomes and MeasuresKaplan-Meier method calculated the cumulative incidence of anxiety, depression, and ADHD across fitness quartiles. Additionally, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used that included all 4 fitness components and explored sex and income as modifiers.ResultsThe anxiety and depression cohort had 1 996 633 participants (1 035 411 participants were male [51.9%], and the median [IQR] age was 10.6 [10.3-11.0] years), while the ADHD cohort had 1 920 596 (975 568 participants were male [51.9%], and the median [IQR] age was 10.6 [10.3-11.0] years). Cumulative incidence of mental disorders was lower among participants in better-performing fitness quartiles, suggesting a dose-dependent association. Gender-specific analyses, controlling for confounders, revealed that improved CF, indicated by a 30-second decrease in run times, was associated with reduced risks of anxiety, depression, and ADHD in female participants, and lower risks of anxiety and ADHD in male participants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.94; P &lt; .001; for male participants, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.94; P &lt; .001). Enhanced ME, marked by an increase of 5 curl-ups per minute, was associated with decreased risks of depression and ADHD in female participants, and lower anxiety and ADHD risks in male participants (aHR for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97; P &lt; .001; for male participants, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.97; P &lt; .001). Improved MP, reflected by a 20-cm increase in jump distance, was associated with reduced risks of anxiety and ADHD in female participants and reduced anxiety, depression, and ADHD in male participants (aHR for ADHD risk for female participants, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00; P = .04; for male participants, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99; P = .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study highlights the potential protective role of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, and muscular power in preventing the onset of mental disorders. It warrants further investigation of the effectiveness of physical fitness programs as a preventive measure for mental disorders among children and adolescents.

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Urbanization, and child mental health and life functioning in Vietnam: implications for global health disparities

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Research on Economic Inequality in Vietnam’s Urban Residents: Export-Oriented Economy, Urbanization and Corruption

Research on Economic Inequality in Vietnam’s Urban Residents: Export-Oriented Economy, Urbanization and Corruption

Concurrent and convergent validity of culture-specific psychopathology syndromes among Cambodian adolescents

Physical Fitness and Risk of Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents

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