Urbanisation, dietary patterns and body composition changes in adolescent girls: a descriptive cross sectional study

Lanerolle-Dias, Maduka de; Lanerolle, Pulani; Atukorala, Sunethra; Silva, Angela de

doi:10.1186/s40795-015-0027-5

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…However, few explanations are plausible. In this physiological group, diet might not be the only important determinant of over-nutrition; effects of physical activity may equally be important [38]. In addition, important confounding may exist when overweight adolescents may have consciously attempted to lose weight [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns and associated factors of schooling Ghanaian adolescents

Abizari

Ali

2019

J Health Popul Nutr

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BackgroundAssessment of single nutrients or foods does not normally reflect the diet of population groups. Dietary pattern analyses are useful in understanding the overall diet and its relationship with disease conditions. The objective of the present study was to determine the dietary patterns and associated factors among schooling adolescents in Northern Ghana.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 366 pupils in 10 junior high schools in the Tamale metropolis was conducted. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) which consisted of 60 commonly consumed foods was used to assess pupils’ 7-day intake. Foods grouped (14) from FFQ data based on shared nutritional value were used to identify dietary patterns using principal component analysis (PCA). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between identified patterns and sociodemographic, anthropometric status, and household characteristics of pupils.ResultsHalf of the pupils were female (50.3%) and average age was 15.6 ± 2.0 years. PCA identified two dietary patterns which in total explained 49.7% of the variability of the diet of pupils. The patterns were sweet tooth pattern (STP) with high factor loadings for sugar sweetened snacks, energy and soft drinks, sweets, tea and coffee, and milk and milk products, and a traditional pattern (TP) which showed high factor loadings for cereals and grains, local beverages, nuts, seeds and legumes, vegetables, and fish and seafood. Logistic regression showed that pupils who lived with their parents [AOR = 1.95; 95% CI (1.1–3.4); p = 0.019], those who went to school with pocket money [AOR = 4.73; 95% CI (1.5–15.0); p = 0.008], and those who lived in the wealthiest homes [AOR = 3.4; 95% CI (1.6–7.5); p = 0.002)] had higher odds of following the STP. The TP was associated with high dietary diversity (p = 0.035) and household wealth [AOR = 3.518; 95% CI (1.763–7.017); p < 0.001)]. None of the patterns was associated with anthropometric status of pupils.ConclusionAdolescents in the present study followed a sweet tooth or a traditional diet pattern which associated more with household- and individual-level factors but not anthropometric status.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s41043-019-0162-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns and associated factors of schooling Ghanaian adolescents

Abizari

Ali

2019

J Health Popul Nutr

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“…The 106 food item FFQ was designed based on the questionnaire used in a previous study in Sri Lanka [ 29 ]. The food items were broadly categorized into pulses, rice and rice-based products, wheat flour-based products, breakfast cereals, bakery products, fast food, dairy products, fat/oil, nuts, vegetables/leafy vegetables, fish /meat and meat products/egg, fruits, confectionery, snacks and beverages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient status and associated factors of adiposity in primary school children with normal and high body fat in Colombo municipal area, Sri Lanka

et al. 2021

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Background The prevalence of obesity and associated risk of chronic diseases are increasing among the paediatric population. The effectiveness of preventive measures and interventions are likely to improve when all factors which associate with obesity in a specific target group are considered. Currently such comprehensive data is unavailable for Sri Lankan children aged 8–9 years. Methods This paper pertains to the data collected from August-2015 to November-2016 for a case-control study which included cases (high body fat) (N = 160; males-81) and controls (normal body fat) (N = 164; males-80) recruited from primary schools in the Colombo Municipal area. Anthropometry and body composition (Bioelectrical impedance analysis-BIA) were measured. Diet, physical activity and socio-demographic data were collected using validated interviewer administered questionnaires. Serum concentrations of vitamins A, D [25(OH)D], E, folate (serum and red blood cell-RBC), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), ferritin, leptin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed using fasting blood samples. Results Cases were from higher socio-economic strata and spent significantly less time on physical activities, more time on sedentary behaviours and consumed higher energy compared to the controls. Cases from both genders had significantly lower levels of vitamin D [25 (OH)D], Fe and Mg (all p < 0.05) and higher levels of Cu and Ca (all p < 0.01) compared to controls. Higher levels of ferritin and Cr were seen among male (p < 0.001) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared to the controls. However, total serum folate levels were lower in male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases while the RBC folate levels were higher among male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared with controls. Vitamins A, E, Se, Mn and Co (p > 0.05) were not significantly different between groups. The inflammatory markers, both hs-CRP and leptin levels were higher among cases (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. Conclusions This study highlights higher socio-economic status, lower physical activity, more sedentary behaviours, higher energy intake and inconsistent distribution of micronutrients among the children with high body fat when compared with the control group. Increased levels of inflammatory markers indicate the presence of the risk of chronic inflammation in children with high body fat.

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“…Extraction of factors of the dietary patterns by principal component analysis was employed by [15] among Sri Lankan adolescent girls. Two dietary patterns were identified; a conveniencebased dietary pattern with higher factor loadings for starchy foods and a traditional pattern with higher factor loadings for rice, tubers and potatoes, vegetables and dark green leafy vegetables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Urban Dietary Pattern in Nigerian Households: A Case for Nutrient Adequacy

Adebola

2020

AJARR

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Aims: To identify dietary patterns of urban households in Southwest, Nigeria and explore their links with nutrients adequacy. Study Design: Cross sectional household-level data from two urban locations selected through a multistage random sampling procedure in southwest Nigeria was employed. Place and Duration of Study: Urban households were sampled in South west zone of Nigeria between October to November, 2017. Methodology: Socio/demographics were documented using a descriptive analysis. The pattern of food subgroups was determined econometrically using the factor analysis, while the test for differences was examined using Mann Whitney U. Results: Using factor analysis, five distinct dietary patterns emerged named as vitamin A, modern, protein, roots, and cereals patterns with 50. 7% variance contribution rate. The vitamin A rich food dietary pattern explained 12.8 % of the total variance and the pitch in diet quality of this factor was explained mostly by dark leafy vegetables and fruits. The fourth and fifth factors which accounted for 9.2% and 7.5% of total variance, respectively characterised by high intakes of roots/tubers (0.69), plantain (0.57) and cereals (0.79) are food rich in dietary energy. Consumption frequency revealed that a higher intake of vitamin A foods was associated with LUA, while HUA had more intake of spices (46.3%), oil (44.5%) and beef products (41.3%). Both urban locations had a lower intake of iron rich foods (dairy, poultry and organ meat) which suggest likely risk of heme iron deficiency. Dietary energy intake in form of cereals (52.3%) was higher in HUA with tubers (14.6%) in LUA. The test of difference across the two locations revealed significant disparities in the observed dietary pattern with respect to vitamin A food, beef meat, spices and poultry at 5% level. Conclusions: Urban disparity in dietary pattern is evidenced in this paper. However, the different dietary pattern across urban locations were associated with some nutritional outcomes. Although, both dietary patterns had healthful elements of the diets, low consumption of iron rich foods was observed. Programmes focusing on the prevention of diet-related chronic diseases in this population should balance the identified pattern of consumption with iron rich foods.

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Urbanisation, dietary patterns and body composition changes in adolescent girls: a descriptive cross sectional study

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Dietary patterns and associated factors of schooling Ghanaian adolescents

Dietary patterns and associated factors of schooling Ghanaian adolescents

Micronutrient status and associated factors of adiposity in primary school children with normal and high body fat in Colombo municipal area, Sri Lanka

Exploring Urban Dietary Pattern in Nigerian Households: A Case for Nutrient Adequacy

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