Urban wildlife research: Past, present, and future

Magle, Seth B.; Hunt, Victoria M.; Vernon, Marian E.; Crooks, Kevin R.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.018

Cited by 323 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It therefore has the potential to shape prey behavior and should incite avoidance of such environments (Frid and Dill, 2002;Ciuti et al, 2012;Rosner et al, 2014;Stoen et al, 2015). The number of mammals living in urban environments increases (Bateman and Fleming, 2012;Magle et al, 2012). Hence, urban environments can support wildlife and provide various food sources: natural food (Stillfried et al, 2017b) or anthropogenic, easily accessible food (Cahill et al, 2012;Theimer et al, 2015;Tryjanowski et al, 2015), both of which can contain a high amount of energy (Ottoni et al, 2009;Maibeche et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

et al. 2017

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In urban areas with a high level of human disturbance, wildlife has to adjust its behavior to deal with the so called "landscape of fear." This can be studied in risk perception during movement in relation to specific habitat types, whereby individuals trade-off between foraging and disturbance. Due to its high behavioral plasticity and increasing occurrence in urban environments, wild boar (Sus scrofa) is an excellent model organism to study adjustment to urbanization. With the help of GPS tracking, space use of 11 wild boar from Berlin's metropolitan region was analyzed: we aimed at understanding how animals adjust space use to deal with the landscape of fear in urban areas compared to rural areas. We compared use vs. availability with help of generalized linear mixed models. First, we studied landscape types selected by rural vs. urban wild boar, second, we analyzed distances of wild boar locations to each of the landscape types. Finally, we mapped the resulting habitat selection probability to predict hotspots of human-wildlife conflicts. A higher tolerance to disturbance in urban wild boar was shown by a one third shorter flight distance and by an increased re-use of areas close to the trap. Urban wild boar had a strong preference for natural landscapes such as swamp areas, green areas and deciduous forests, and areas with high primary productivity, as indicated by high NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) values. The areas selected by urban wild boar were often located closely to roads and houses. The spatial distribution maps show that a large area of Berlin would be suitable for urban wild boar but not their rural conspecifics, with the most likely reason being a different perception of anthropogenic disturbance. Wild boar therefore showed considerable behavioral plasticity suitable to adjust to human-dominated environments in a potentially evolutionarily adaptive manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

et al. 2017

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“…In particular, there is a paucity of intensive studies conducted in tropical regions (a severe deficiency highlighted by many reviews, e.g. Chace and Walsh 2006;Magle et al 2012;Marzluff 2016), despite the fact that urbanization will be heavily concentrated in such areas over the coming decades (Malakoff et al 2016). Scarce research attention has also been devoted to megacities (cities with >10 million inhabitants), most of which are themselves concentrated in developing tropical countries (Grimm et al 2008;Malakoff et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat selection by an avian top predator in the tropical megacity of Delhi: human activities and socio-religious practices as prey-facilitating tools

et al. 2017

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Research in urban ecology is growing rapidly in response to the exponential growth of the urban environment. However, few studies have focused on tropical megacities, and on the interplay between predators' habitat selection and human socio-economic aspects, which may mediate their resilience and coexistence with humans. We examined mechanisms of breeding habitat selection by a synanthropic raptor, the Black Kite Milvus migrans, in Delhi (India) where kites mainly subsist on: (1) human refuse and its associated prey-fauna, and (2) ritualised feeding of kites, particularly practised by Muslims. We used mixed effects models to test the effect of urban habitat configuration and human practices on habitat selection, site occupancy and breeding success. Kite habitat decisions, territory occupancy and breeding success were tightly enmeshed with human activities: kites preferred areas with high human density, poor waste management and a road configuration that facilitated better access to resources provided by humans, in particular to Muslim colonies that provided ritual subsidies. Furthermore, kites bred at 'clean' sites with less human refuse only when close to Muslim colonies, suggesting that the proximity to ritual-feeding sites modulated the suitability of other habitats. Rather than a nuisance to avoid, as previously portrayed, humans were a keenly-targeted foraging resource, which tied a predator's distribution to human activities, politics, history, socio-economics and urban planning at multiple spatio-temporal scales. Many synurbic species may exploit humans in more subtle and direct ways than was previously assumed, but uncovering them will require greater integration of human socio-cultural estimates in urban ecological research.

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“…Moreover, birds show a marked sensitivity to environmental alteration (Furness et al, 1993). Thus, they are currently favoured in research on urban environments (Palomino and Carrascal, 2005), and about one-third of all research on wildlife and urban environment is supported by bird data (Magle et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birds and small urban parks: a study in a high plateau city

Peris

Montelongo²

2014

Turk J Zool

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A manganese(II) complex of 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The activity of the complex was tested for oxidation of benzyl alcohols using t -BuOOH as an oxidant in organic solvents and in an organic/water biphasic system (hexane/H 2 O, toluene/H 2 O). The effect of solvent, temperature, oxidant, and some additives (KBr, N(C 4 H 9) Br, and N-bromosuccinimide) on the oxidation of benzyl alcohol is reported. The results show that benzyl alcohol was selectively converted to benzaldehyde in 71.9% yield within 4 h in acetonitrile. Control experiments performed without catalyst and the corresponding metal salt as catalyst produced no benzaldehyde in the reaction mixture. Mild reaction conditions, high yields of the products, short reaction time, no further oxidation to the corresponding carboxylic acids, high selectivity, and inexpensive reagents make this catalytic system a useful oxidation method for benzyl alcohol.

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Urban wildlife research: Past, present, and future

Cited by 323 publications

References 48 publications

Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

Habitat selection by an avian top predator in the tropical megacity of Delhi: human activities and socio-religious practices as prey-facilitating tools

Birds and small urban parks: a study in a high plateau city

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