Urban water consumption and its influencing factors in China: Evidence from 286 cities

Fan, Liangxin; Gai, Lingtong; Tong, Yan; Li, Ruihua

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.044

Cited by 94 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Due to the constant increase in population size, it has been predicted that future household water consumption will continue to be much higher than that of the base year [11]. With time, the predicted results of the water resource demand over different periods of time in China has gradually been proven; facts have shown that some of the predicted results were generally higher than the actual water consumption quantity for the corresponding periods [12]. On the one hand, higher forecasts might be due to certain cognitive errors, such as misconceptions that water consumption quantity will definitely increase with socioeconomic development, developing industries will definitely increase water consumption in great quantities, and urbanization will lead to huge increases in urban water consumption [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Framework and Computational Research of Hierarchical Residential Household Water Demand

Pan

Hou

Yang

et al. 2018

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the quantity of household water consumption does not account for a huge proportion of the total water consumption amidst socioeconomic development, there has been a steadily increasing trend due to population growth and improved urbanization standards. As such, mastering the mechanisms of household water demand, scientifically predicting trends of household water demand, and implementing reasonable control measures are key focuses of current urban water management. Based on the categorization and characteristic analysis of household water, this paper used Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to establish a level and grade theory of household water demand, whereby household water is classified into three levels (rigid water demand, flexible water demand, and luxury water demand) and three grades (basic water demand, reasonable water demand, and representational water demand). An in-depth analysis was then carried out on the factors that influence the computation of household water demand, whereby equations for different household water categories were established, and computations for different levels of household water were proposed. Finally, observational experiments on household water consumption were designed, and observation and simulation computations were performed on three typical households in order to verify the scientific outcome and rationality of the computation of household water demand. The research findings contribute to the enhancement and development of prediction theories on water demand, and they are of high theoretical and realistic significance in terms of scientifically predicting future household water demand and fine-tuning the management of urban water resources.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Framework and Computational Research of Hierarchical Residential Household Water Demand

Pan

Hou

Yang

et al. 2018

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the period of 2005-2014, all the aspects of major cities, including the population growth, the urbanization rate, the economic development and the people's living standard, maintained an upward trend, which required much more water resources to support them [21]. Furthermore, It was found that population growth was the main cause of increased domestic water consumption in most cities, and the water consumption per capita per day was positively associated with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urban area, precipitation, temperature and urban population [22]. Therefore, the domestic water consumption and the ecological water consumption increased significantly since 2005.…”

Section: Water Consumption and Water Supply Pattern In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Multi-Source Water Supply in China: Variation Tendency, Modeling Methods and Challenges

Song

Chao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urban water resources are the basis for the formation and development of cities and the source of urban water supply. However, with the acceleration of urbanization and the explosion of urban populations, the contradiction between water supply and demand in some areas, especially in big cities, has become increasingly prominent. It is simply not sufficient to rely on local conventional water resources to meet urban water demand, and a single source water supply mode has a higher vulnerability, resulting in greater safety risks in urban or regional water supply systems. Therefore, giving full play to the water supply capacity and carrying out multi-source water supplies are necessary and urgent. This paper gives an overview of the optimal allocation of multi-source for urban water supply concerning variation tendency, modeling methods and facing challenges. Based on the variation tendency of water consumption and water supply pattern in China, Tianjin is taken as a typical city for systematically outlining water supply changes and cause analysis. Subsequently, the modeling methods for proposing the optimal allocation scheme are summarized, which are composed of defining the topological relation, constructing the mathematical model and seeking the optimal solution. Ultimately, the current and emerging challenges are discussed including emergency operation of multi-source water supply and joint operation of water quality and quantity. These summaries and prospects provide a valuable reference for giving full play to the multi-source water supply capacity and carrying out relevant research so as to propose the optimal allocation scheme in urban multi-source water supply systems.China's average per capita share of water resources (about 2100 m 3 ) is only about 25% of the world average [4]. It was reported that of the 669 cities, 400 suffer from insufficient water supply and 110 suffer from severe water shortage; of the 32 cities with a population at or exceeding 1 million, 30 suffer from chronic water shortage; of the 14 coastal open cities, 9 suffer from acute water shortage [5]. Now, China is one of the 13 most water-stressed countries in the world. Apart from the low per capita availability of water resources, there is a mismatch between the spatial distribution of water resources and geographic regions with high population densities, especially in north China where water resources are particularly scarce [6]. By the end of 2010, the 11 coastal provinces lay alone the 1800 km coastal line, occupying 13.7% of China's territory with 43.0% of China's population [7]. The north of the country, similar in land area and population to the south, held only 18% of the total water despite having 65% of the total arable land [8]. In recent decades, accounting for the influence of climate change, land cover change and human activities, drought and water logging disasters, and water ecological security problems have been increasingly prominent; its impact on water availability for humans can jeopardize human life. It is demonst...

show abstract

“…Unfortunately, the gap of water consumption in urban areas is obvious. Socioeconomic characteristics of the community are regarded as variables that influencing the level of water consumption of every household [2]. Previous studies that discuss problematic water supply have focused on large cities and big metropolis [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having said this, this paper will focus on a medium-sized city in Java. Just like a density of big metropolis, Surakarta City has a density of 13,181 people/km 2 [4]. Within such high density, urban clean water will be risky to be highly contested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards sustainable communities: Socioeconomic determinants of domestic water consumption in Surakarta City, Indonesia

Rahayu

Rini

2019

MATEC Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gap in water consumption among urban households remains obvious in most cities in Indonesia. It is particularly the case for high-density urban areas. Dense urban areas and limited availability of water resource position water as a contested resource. Regarding water as a contested resource, this paper aims to identify the socioeconomic determinants influencing levels of water consumption in the urbanized medium-sized city, using the case of Surakarta City. Data were collected by using proportional random sampling. Valid respondents are 356 households out of 400 respondents. Respondents were proportioned according to served and not served by networked water PDAM. The data are analyzed by using multiple regression. The result shows that, with 95 percent significance level, overall, age of head of household, total monthly income, housing type, the number of water source utilized by every household, total number of people in every household, and total person work in every household have simultaneously become factors determining water consumption of households in Surakarta. The socioeconomic variables are able to explain 16 percent of the whole factors determining household water consumption in Surakarta City. Even though many factors remain unexplained, this study reveals several important factors that often cause the marginalization of certain urban communities from appropriate domestic water in a rapidly growing secondary city.

show abstract

Urban water consumption and its influencing factors in China: Evidence from 286 cities

Cited by 94 publications

References 37 publications

Conceptual Framework and Computational Research of Hierarchical Residential Household Water Demand

Conceptual Framework and Computational Research of Hierarchical Residential Household Water Demand

Urban Multi-Source Water Supply in China: Variation Tendency, Modeling Methods and Challenges

Towards sustainable communities: Socioeconomic determinants of domestic water consumption in Surakarta City, Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About