Urban Voluntary Associations, Locality Based and Externally Induced

Taub, Richard P.; Surgeon, George P.; Lindholm, Sara; Otti, Phyllis Betts; Bridges, Amy

doi:10.1086/226554

Cited by 97 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In other words, we conceive contacts among neighbours as a precondition for community, and not as a dimension of the concept. In this way, our perspective on community differs from research that equates community with neighbouring, measured by, for example whether one knows his neighbours by name (Campbell and Lee, 1990); whether one visits neighbours (see Taub et al, 1977;Rossi, [1955Rossi, [ ] 1980 or the degree to which one turns to neighbours for sociability and support (Keller, 1968;Greer, 1972).…”

Section: Local Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

When Are Neighbourhoods Communities? Community in Dutch Neighbourhoods

Völker¹,

Flap

Lindenberg

2006

European Sociological Review

186

153

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This study investigates the degree to which community can be found in Dutch neighbourhoods and attempts to explain why there is more community in some neighbourhoods than in others. We apply a perspective on community which assumes that people create communities with the expectation to realize some important well-being goals. Conditions that account for the creation of a local community are specified, i.e. the opportunity, ease, and motivation to do so. These conditions are realized when (i) neighbourhoods have more meeting places; (ii) neighbours are, given their resources and interests, motivated to invest in local relationships; (iii) neighbours have few relations outside of the neighbourhood, and (iv) neighbours are mutually interdependent. Data from the Survey of Social Networks of the Dutch on 1,007 respondents in 168 neighbourhoods are used. Results show that there is a sizeable amount of community in Dutch neighbourhoods and that all the four conditions contribute to the explanation, while interdependencies among neighbours have the strongest impact on the creation of community.

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Section: Local Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

When Are Neighbourhoods Communities? Community in Dutch Neighbourhoods

Völker¹,

Flap

Lindenberg

2006

European Sociological Review

186

153

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“…Given that owners on average exhibit considerably more residential stability than do renters and that owners know more neighbors (Austin and Baba 1990;Hunter 1975;Logan and Spitze 1994) and are more likely to be involved in the sort of neighborhood associations that the social disorganization model posits reduce crime (Oliver 1984;Taub et al 1977), residential stability among owners may be particularly important for understanding local levels of crime. This implies the following hypothesis:…”

Section: Social Disorganization Th Eory: Residential Instability Causmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drive-bys and Trade-ups: Examining the Directionality of the Crime and Residential Instability Relationship

2009

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Most prior research testing the hypothesis of the social disorganization theory that residential instability increases crime has used cross-sectional data. Using a unique dataset linking home sales address matched to census tracts with crime data in Los Angeles, we test the direction of this relationship using a six-year panel data design. We also test whether crime acts as a generator of transition and decline in neighborhoods by testing its eff ect on property values the following year. Our fi ndings suggest little evidence that home sales volatility in one year leads to more property or violent crime the following year. Instead, higher levels of tract property and violent crime in one year lead to more home sales the following year. Th is eff ect of high crime rates is exacerbated in tracts with high levels of racial/ ethnic heterogeneity, suggesting that such tracts may engender a distinct combination of fear and uncertainty in their residents, leading to more turn over. We also fi nd that tracts with more violent crime one year have lower property values the following year, suggesting a general process of decline.Given the numerous studies demonstrating that neighborhood characteristics infl uence a variety of behaviors and outcomes at the individual level (for a review, see Sampson et al. 2002), social scientists have expended considerable effort in trying to understand the social processes responsible for these relationships. Though the majority of ecological research has focused on the impact of concentrated disadvantage as the primary structural dimension that affects outcomes, the roles of residential stability and home ownership, along with ethnic heterogeneity, have also garnered signifi cant attention. Each of these is explicitly linked to mobility, as the fl ow of people into and out of neighborhoods transforms neighborhoods. With respect to local levels of disadvantage/affl uence, scholars have therefore studied the characteristics of the populations that leave, stay, or enter anew into a neighborhood to explain why some neighborhoods experience an economic downward spiral (Wilson 1987)

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“…This is because urban neighbourhoods are more complex than what they appear to be and, as such, residents' organizations have not entrenched themselves so easily in a locality. 5 More often, residents' organizations have to be induced into existence by governments or external agents to maintain dialogues and contacts with local residents. This need to maintain links with local residents is increasingly emphasized by most governments today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residents’ Organizations in the New Towns of Hong Kong and Singapore

Vasoo

1987

Asian Journal of Public Administration

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Urban Voluntary Associations, Locality Based and Externally Induced

Cited by 97 publications

References 9 publications

When Are Neighbourhoods Communities? Community in Dutch Neighbourhoods

When Are Neighbourhoods Communities? Community in Dutch Neighbourhoods

Drive-bys and Trade-ups: Examining the Directionality of the Crime and Residential Instability Relationship

Residents’ Organizations in the New Towns of Hong Kong and Singapore

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