Urban schistosomiasis: An ecological study describing a new challenge to the control of this neglected tropical disease

Gomes, Elainne Christine de Souza; Silva, Iris Edna Pereira da; Nascimento, Wheverton Ricardo Correia do; Loyo, Rodrigo Moraes; Domingues, Ana Lúcia Coutinho; Barbosa, Constança Simões

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100144

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There was an association between S. mansoni infection and male sex (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7 -5.1) and age >20 years old (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2 -4.7, Table 1, FigS2). This is consistent with what we have observed in other urban areas of Salvador (Blanton et al, 2015;Barbosa et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2020) and in urban infection in Pernambuco State (Gomes et al, 2022). However, it contrasts with the younger age-specific risk of infection in rural areas (Blanton, 2019;Klohe et al, 2021) and with an urban area of Sergipe (Calasans et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The mean intensity of S. mansoni infection was 89 +-SD 172 eggs per gram of feces (epg) was low by WHO criteria (Committee, 2002;World Health Organization, 2019) (Table S2). This was similar to two recent studies of urban schistosomiasis in Brazil (Calasans et al, 2018;Gomes et al, 2022). Specific local risk was assessed by reported contact with surface water and association with S. mansoni infection.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

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Evidence for local transmission and maintenance of schistosomiasis in an urban neighborhood in Northeast Brazil

Chaves

Sabino‐Santos

Cedraz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Schistosomiasis is a tropical neglected disease commonly associated with rural areas; however, urban schistosomiasis has been reported world-wide, and increasing urbanization is one of the most important demographic shifts of the 20 and now 21 centuries. The pattern of urbanization is not uniform so that within the same city the rates and sources of population increase vary. Here we report on the parasite composition in one neighborhood in the metropolitan area of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Using epidemiological data and population genetics we find evidence for local transmission and maintenance of Schistosoma mansoni infection within an urban population and little contribution from rural-urban migration. Our findings provide direction for local mitigation strategies and to assist the public living in this neighborhood to interrupt the local transmission cycle.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Evidence for local transmission and maintenance of schistosomiasis in an urban neighborhood in Northeast Brazil

Chaves

Sabino‐Santos

Cedraz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Tis "urbanization" of S intercalatum was previously reported in another study from central Africa [43]. Tis "urban" transmission of schistosoma occurs while walking through fooded streets (temporary snail breeding sites) instead of the traditional transmission in rural areas when people become infected through contact with parasiteharboring snails in natural water sources during activities such as fshing, farming, or swimming [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Treatment and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Sao Tome and Principe: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vasconcelos

Sousa

Bandeira

et al. 2022

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Background. Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a public health problem in developing countries such as Sao Tome and Principe (STP) although the pregnancy burden of IPIs is unknown in this endemic country. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IPIs, prescribed anthelmintics, and associated factors among pregnant women admitted to Hospital Dr. Ayres de Menezes (HAM). Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women admitted to the HAM who had undergone antenatal copro-parasitological screening. Data were abstracted from antenatal care (ANC) cards regarding parasitological results and anthelmintic prescriptions. A structured questionnaire face-to-face interview was also applied. Pregnant women with an IPI (210) were compared to noninfected women (151). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with IPIs were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 361 participants (210 IPI and 151 no-IPI) with a mean age of 26.96 (SD: 7.00) were included. The overall prevalence of IPI was 58.2% (95% CI 52.9 to 63.3), mainly due to helminthiasis, with a 55.9% (95% CI 50.7–61.2%) rate. Ascaris lumbricoides (90.9%) was the most predominant parasite species identified followed by Trichuris trichiura (13.8%). Polyparasitism was observed in 25 cases (11.9%). Anthelmintics were prescribed to 23% of pregnant women. S intercalatum (11) and E histolytica (7) infections were not adequately treated. IPI was significantly associated with primary education (AOR 1.73 (95% CI: 1.10–2.71)), unemployment (AOR 1.94 (95% CI: 1.20–3.13)), and parity of five or above (AOR 3.82 (95% CI: 1.32–11.08)). Conclusion. This study highlights the IPI burden, associated factors, and missing treatment opportunities among pregnant women with STP. This study is a useful tool for policymakers in STP to enhance the health of women and their unborn babies.

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“…Para que não haja reinfecção, diminuição do número de óbitos e de formas clínicas severas, é necessário que se tenha um controle de sua transmissão, com interrupção do ciclo evolutivo do parasito. Isso pode ser possível por meio de ações governamentais, como instalação de saneamento básico adequado, com água e esgoto nas casas, modificações no meio ambiente, educação em saúde, combate aos vetores, além do diagnóstico e tratamento dos infectados em tempo oportuno 9,[40][41][42] .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Fatores associados às formas graves e aos óbitos por esquistossomose e aplicação do linkage probabilístico nas bases de dados, Pernambuco, 2007–2017

Brito

Oliveira

Barbosa

et al. 2023

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a concordância dos dados relacionados às formas graves e aos óbitos por esquistossomose registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e no Sistema de Informação Sobre Mortalidade, as variáveis sociodemográficas com a ocorrência das formas graves e óbitos e a tendência temporal da doença em Pernambuco. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo, de série temporal com dados referentes às formas graves e aos óbitos por esquistossomose em Pernambuco, de 2007 a 2017. Para o linkage entre as bases de dados, foi desenvolvida uma função em linguagem python de programação, utilizando o método soundex. Para identificar fatores sociodemográficos e sanitários que se correlacionaram com as variáveis dependentes, foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Pearson. Para a análise de tendência, aplicou-se a regressão linear. Resultados: Identificaram-se 9.085 casos graves, 1.956 óbitos e 186 casos no linkage. A correlação entre a taxa média de positividade com o abastecimento hídrico rede geral e coleta de lixo foi 0,22 e 0,26 respectivamente. Houve correlação da taxa média de mortalidade acumulada com abastecimento hídrico por poço ou nascente (r=0,27), abastecimento hídrico por rede geral (r=0,3), coleta de lixo (r=0,42), urbanização das vias (r=0,29). Ocorreram 3.153 formas graves em 2007, com tendência a redução, e 205 óbitos em 2010, sem um padrão de tendência. Conclusão: Há necessidade de maiores investimentos no controle da doença e na qualidade da informação, especialmente no registro das formas graves, pois, dada a fisiopatologia da doença, o óbito só ocorre quando o indivíduo desenvolve a forma crônica, sendo imperativo sua notificação no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação.

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Urban schistosomiasis: An ecological study describing a new challenge to the control of this neglected tropical disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Evidence for local transmission and maintenance of schistosomiasis in an urban neighborhood in Northeast Brazil

Evidence for local transmission and maintenance of schistosomiasis in an urban neighborhood in Northeast Brazil

Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Treatment and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Sao Tome and Principe: A Cross-Sectional Study

Fatores associados às formas graves e aos óbitos por esquistossomose e aplicação do linkage probabilístico nas bases de dados, Pernambuco, 2007–2017

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