Urban scaling of health outcomes: a protocol for a scoping review

McCulley, Edwin; Mullachery, Pricila; Rodrı́guez, Daniel A.; Roux, Ana V. Diez; Bilal, Usama

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031176

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Physical conditions were assessed with proxies for urban growth, measures of the size and density of the area. Urban growth has been proposed as a relevant factor for health and wellbeing processes in cities [ 25 , 26 ]. The municipal area corresponds to the total surface area of the municipality in km 2 , according to the National Geostatistical Framework [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico

et al. 2021

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Background Childhood is considered the most important phase of human development; within it the period from birth to 5 years of age is particularly critical, given the speed at which changes occur. The context where children live can influence early childhood developmnent (ECD) by providing or limiting opportunities to learn, play and establish social interactions. This study explored the associations between characteristics of the urban environment and ECD in 2,194 children aged 36 to 59 months living in urban municipalities in Mexico Methods We obtained ECD information from the 2015 Survey of Boys, Girls, and Women (ENIM, for its Spanish acronym), measured with the Early Childhood Development Index. The urban environment was evaluated at the municipal level, considering variables from five environment domains: physical, social, service, socioeconomic, and governance. Multilevel logistic models were fitted to assess the association between urban environment characteristics and the inadequacy of ECD in general and by specific development domains: learning, socio-emotional, physical, and alpha-numeric. Results Inadequate ECD was inversely associated with the availability of libraries (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.72), and positively associated with population density (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02). For the specific ECD domains, inadequate socio-emotional development was inversely associated with the availability of libraries (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.85). Inadequate literacy-numeracy knowledge was associated inversely with the availability of daycare centers (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.97), and directly associated with the number of hospitals and clinics (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.72). Finally, the marginalization index was positively associated with inadequacy in the learning domain (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.03). Conclusions Some aspects of the urban environment associated with ECD, suggest that intervening in the urban context could improve overall child development. Investment in resources oriented to improve socio-emotional development and literacy (such as libraries and daycare), could foster ECD in Mexico.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico

et al. 2021

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“…It should be noted that many domestic and foreign studies emphasize the predominant role of the environmental factor as one of the main determinants of public and individual health [6]. This was also confirmed by the results of focus group interviews, during which, answering the question "What do you think, what factors have the greatest impact on human health?"…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Determinants of self-preservation behavior Russian population

2020

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On the basis of these semi-structured interviews conducted in the autumn of 2018 with the participation of residents of central Russia, the determinants of self-preservation behavior of Russia's population are identified in the context of a complex interaction of social and cultural traditions and innovations. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of behavioral patterns in the field of health, deterministic mental peculiarities of the Russians. Considers the environmental conditions in the place of residence, genetic predisposition to certain diseases, nutrition quality to be the main factors that have the greatest impact on individual health indicators, and also the presence (absence) of financial resources. The study revealed the ideas of Russians about the causes of "male super-mortality", which caused abnormal gender imbalances in mortality rates of the Russian population. It is concluded that the government's policy with regard to the formation of optimal models of self-preservation behavior should, first of all, to focus on the development and implementation of appropriate measures in relation to working-age men, and include not only the "prohibitive" and restrictive measures, but also activities to change the value-motivational foundations of self-preserving behavior.

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“…We followed the framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) [15] and reported methods and results using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA ScR) guidelines [16]. More details on the scoping review methodology can be found in the review protocol [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Scaling of Health Outcomes: a Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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Urban scaling is a framework that describes how city-level characteristics scale with variations in city size. This scoping review mapped the existing evidence on the urban scaling of health outcomes to identify gaps and inform future research. Using a structured search strategy, we identified and reviewed a total of 102 studies, a majority set in high-income countries using diverse city definitions. We found several historical studies that examined the dynamic relationships between city size and mortality occurring during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In more recent years, we documented heterogeneity in the relation between city size and health. Measles and influenza are influenced by city size in conjunction with other factors like geographic proximity, while STIs, HIV, and dengue tend to occur more frequently in larger cities. NCDs showed a heterogeneous pattern that depends on the specific outcome and context. Homicides and other crimes are more common in larger cities, suicides are more common in smaller cities, and traffic-related injuries show a less clear pattern that differs by context and type of injury. Future research should aim to understand the consequences of urban growth on health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries, capitalize on longitudinal designs, systematically adjust for covariates, and examine the implications of using different city definitions.

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Urban scaling of health outcomes: a protocol for a scoping review

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico

Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico

Determinants of self-preservation behavior Russian population

Urban Scaling of Health Outcomes: a Scoping Review

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