Urban-rural variations in children's lives and subjective well-being: A comparative analysis of four countries

Rees, Gwyther; Tonón, Graciela; Mikkelsen, Claudia Andrea; Vega, Lía Rodríguez de la

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.056

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Somewhat unexpected findings from our study were that having academic educational expectations and living in a rural residence were linked to poorer mental health in the first sample. This is contrary to previous studies which have observed that youths who have higher educational expectations [ 33 ] and live in rural areas [ 48 , 49 ] tend to report better mental health. Although we do not know the direction of the associations, potential explanation for our results could be that those who have academic educational expectations may experience higher academic stress, which has been linked to poorer mental health [ 110 ], and that rural living may comprise negative experiences of social exclusion, insufficient activities, and limited access to resources, facilities, and transportation (for review, see Powell et al [ 111 ]).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-pandemic research [ 46 , 47 ] has also linked other characteristics of young people, such as older age and immigrant status, to poorer mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety). Studies conducted in different parts of the world have shown that youths living in urban areas tend to report slightly poorer well-being than those living in rural areas [ 48 , 49 ], although country-specific differences exist. These individuals may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental health profiles of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic

Gustafsson

Lyyra

Jasinskaja‐Lahti

et al. 2023

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had implications for adolescents’ interpersonal relationships, communication patterns, education, recreational activities and well-being. An understanding of the impact of the pandemic on their mental health is crucial in measures to promote the post-pandemic recovery. Using a person-centered approach, the current study aimed to identify mental health profiles in two cross-sectional samples of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the pandemic, and to examine how socio-demographic and psychosocial factors, academic expectations, health literacy, and self-rated health are associated with the emerging profiles. Methods and findings Survey data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in Finland in 2018 (N = 3498, age M = 13.44) and 2022 (N = 3838, age M = 13.21) were analyzed. A four-profile model using cluster analysis was selected for both samples. In Sample 1, the identified profiles were (1) “Good mental health”, (2) “Mixed psychosocial health”, (3) “Somatically challenged”, and (4) “Poor mental health”. In Sample 2, the identified profiles were (1) “Good mental health”, (2) “Mixed psychosomatic health”, (3) “Poor mental health and low loneliness”, and (4) “Poor mental health and high loneliness”. The results of the mixed effect multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that in both samples, being a girl and reporting lower maternal monitoring; lower family, peer, and teacher support; higher intensity of online communication; a less positive home atmosphere and school climate; and poor self-rated health were most strongly linked to belonging to a poorer mental health profile. In addition, in Sample 2, low subjective health literacy was a key factor associated with poorer mental health profiles, and teacher support was more important than before COVID. Conclusions The current study stresses the importance of identifying those vulnerable to developing poor mental health. To maximize post-pandemic recovery, the role of schools, especially teacher support and health literacy, along with the factors that remained important over time should be taken into account in public health and health promotion interventions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health profiles of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic

Gustafsson

Lyyra

Jasinskaja‐Lahti

et al. 2023

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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“…Well-being was associated with numerous sociodemographic characteristics, aligning with previous literature indicating that females, older children, children of low socioeconomic status, and children from urban settings had worse well-being. 33,34 However, children from households speaking languages other than English reported higher well-being, which contrasts with previous research on racial and ethnic inequalities in children's health and well-being. A systematic review of 121 studies revealed mixed and complex associations between race and well-being, with some studies suggesting that racial discrimination may actually be associated with higher self-esteem and resilience.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Trends in Well-Being Among Youth in Australia, 2017-2022

Dumuid,

Singh,

Brinsley

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceLittle is known about temporal trends in children’s well-being and how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the well-being of young Australians. Certain demographic groups may be more vulnerable to experiencing declines in well-being.ObjectiveTo examine well-being trends over 6 consecutive years among South Australian students and explore the influence of sociodemographic characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsLongitudinal analyses of annual (2017 to 2022) cross-sectional data of students in grades 4 through 9 (n = 40 392 to 56 897 per year) attending South Australian government schools from the Well-being and Engagement Collection (WEC) census.ExposuresCalendar year (2017-2022) and sociodemographic characteristics (sex, school grade, parental education, language spoken at home, residential region) from school enrollment records.Main Outcomes and MeasuresStudents self-reported life satisfaction, optimism, happiness, cognitive engagement, emotional regulation, perseverance, worry, and sadness.ResultsOver 6 years (2017 to 2022), a total of 119 033 students (mean [SD] age, 12.1 y; 51.4% male) participated in this study. Most well-being measures declined over time, with consistent worsening of well-being from 2020 onward. For example, compared with 2017, sadness was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.25-0.27) points higher in 2020 (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.27) and remained elevated by more than 0.26 points (SMD, 0.27) in 2021 and 2022. At almost every time point, greatest well-being was reported by students of male sex (except cognitive engagement and perseverance), in earlier school grades, with highest parental education, speaking a language other than English at home, and residing in outer regional and remote settings (for satisfaction, optimism, and emotional regulation). Sociodemographic differences in well-being were generally consistent over time; however, sex differences widened from 2020 for all indicators except cognitive engagement and perseverance. For example, between 2017 and 2022, sadness increased by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.25-0.29) more points among females than males (SMD, 0.28).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this longitudinal analysis of annual census data, there were downward trends in students’ well-being, especially since 2020. The largest sociodemographic disparities were observed for students of female sex, those in later school grades, and those with lowest parental education. Urgent and equitable support for the well-being of all young people, particularly those facing disparity, is imperative.

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“…The impact of overcrowding on children relates to their health as well as their educational outcomes and attainment. One's own bedroom, a quiet place to study and do homework positively affect children's school performance and cognitive development [23,25,[40][41][42]. Lack of some household goods, a lower socio-economic status, and, therefore, poor housing conditions are also correlated with lower levels of engagement in prosocial behaviors [43].…”

Section: Quality Of Housing: Children's Perspective and Satisfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing for Sustainable Societies. Children′s Perception and Satisfaction with Their House in Countries around the World

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Adequate housing conditions and access to basic house amenities are fundamental human rights and indicators of individual wellbeing. The paper aims to present children’s perception regarding housing conditions and household goods and their impact on children’s overall satisfaction with their house. (2) Methods: We aim to determine the contribution of housing conditions and household goods on children’s satisfaction with their home in 31 countries worldwide. To capture differences in children’s satisfaction with their house based on their housing conditions, we analyzed models conducted on data from 10 lower- and upper-middle-income and 20 high-income countries. We used secondary analysis on data from the third wave of Children’s Worlds: International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeb) (87,000 children, aged 10–12, worldwide). (3) Results: The results show that there is a link between the material conditions of the family and children’s satisfaction with the house they live in, and also that having a place to study and access to internet are the main factors related to housing that explain children’s satisfaction. (4) Conclusions: Children mostly appreciate the way housing setting and household goods contribute and ensure their proper development through the creation of a stimulating home learning environment. Results are helpful in setting future standards to increase children’s wellbeing and quality of life, and ensure adequate housing as one of the pillars of sustainable development.

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Urban-rural variations in children's lives and subjective well-being: A comparative analysis of four countries

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Mental health profiles of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic

Mental health profiles of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic

Trends in Well-Being Among Youth in Australia, 2017-2022

Housing for Sustainable Societies. Children′s Perception and Satisfaction with Their House in Countries around the World

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