Urban rural disparity in female breast cancer incidence rate in China and the increasing trend in parallel with socioeconomic development and urbanization in a rural setting

Wen, Di; Wen, Xiaoduo; Yang, Yi; Chen, Yuetong; Wei, Luqing; He, Yutong; Shan, Baoen

doi:10.1111/1759-7714.12575

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Despite starting from a similar rural agrarian background 60 years ago, Shexian is considerably less-developed than Shijiazhuang. As indicated in a previous report, 5 the respective GDPs per capita in 2012 were USD 6964.8 and USD 2700 and the yearly disposable incomes per capita were USD 1538 vs USD 750. People in Shijiazhuang spent around 40% of their disposable income on food, compared with less than 20% for people in Shexian, with 30% and 19% of animal products in Shijiazhuang and Shexian, respectively.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…As an urban counterpart, 5 Shijiazhuang city is located 250 km northeast of Shexian County ( Figure 1 ). It was not considered an urban city at the beginning of the 20th century, and consisted of over a dozen villages located at the crossing point of the north–south-bound Peking–Wuhan railway and the east–west-bound Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan railway.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously conducted a similar study of female breast cancer in the same population. 5 The current study aimed to clarify the status of colorectal cancer in urban and rural areas of China to inform the establishment of useful prevention measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban–rural disparity in colorectal cancer incidence and increasing trend in relation to socioeconomic development and urbanization in China

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveTo study urban–rural disparity in colorectal cancer incidence and the increasing trend in relation to rapid socioeconomic development and urbanization in China.MethodsWe compared the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of colorectal cancer between rural and urban areas in China in 2012 and analyzed the trend in Shexian County for 2000–2015 using population-based tumor registration data collected in Shijiazhuang city (2012) and Shexian County (2000–2015).ResultsThe ASRs of colorectal cancer in Shijiazhuang (urban) were considerably higher than in Shexian (rural) in both men (22.8 vs. 11.9/100,000) and women (15.0 vs. 9.3/100,000). The difference was similar to that between countries with high and medium human development indices according to GLOBOCAN 2012. In trend analysis, the biennial ASR in Shexian increased from 6.6 in 2000–2001 to 15.9/100,000 in 2014–2015 in men (averaged biennial percent change (ABPC) = +6.0%), and from 4.0 to 11.7/100,000 in women (ABPC=+5.5%).ConclusionsThe incidence of colorectal cancer in China is rising in parallel with socioeconomic development and urbanization. Integrated efforts should be made to reduce the incidences of overweight and obesity in society to help prevent this increase.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban–rural disparity in colorectal cancer incidence and increasing trend in relation to socioeconomic development and urbanization in China

et al. 2018

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“…Several studies from China have well-documented associations between cancer and socioeconomic risk factors [8][9][10][11][12]. Most of the previous studies focus on the rural/urban, geographical/regional disparities [13][14][15][16], and sex disparities in cancer incidence and mortality [17,18], as well as disparities in treatment options [19]. In China, a few studies have examined the healthcare disparities among people with chronic diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and multimorbidity [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Disparities in Cancer Treatment, Service Utilization and Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: This study aims (1) to assess socioeconomic disparities in healthcare use and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among cancer patients in China, which is defined as the point at which annual household health payments exceeded 40% of non-food household consumption expenditure, and (2) to examine the association of different treatments for cancers with health service utilization and CHE. Methods: We used nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015 with 17,018 participants in which 381 with doctor-diagnosed cancer. The main treatments for cancer included the Chinese traditional medicine (TCM), western modern medicine (refers to taking western modern medications excluding TCM and other treatments for cancers), surgery, and radiation/chemotherapy. Concentration curve was used to assess economic-related disparities in healthcare and CHE. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the impact of the cancer treatment on health service use and incidence of CHE. Results: The main cancer treatments and health service use were more concentrated among the rich patients than among the poor patients in 2015. There was a positive association between the treatment of cancer and outpatient visit (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.492, 95% CI = 1.506, 4.125), inpatient visit (AOR = 1.817, 95% CI = 1.098, 3.007), as well as CHE (AOR = 2.744, 95% CI = 1.578, 4.772). All cancer therapies except for medication treatments were associated with a higher incidence of CHE, particularly the surgery therapy (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI = 3.393, 27.866) in urban areas. Conclusion: Disparities in treatment and health service utilization among Chinese cancer patients was largely determined by financial capability. The current insurance schemes are insufficient to address these disparities. A comprehensive health insurance policy of expanding the current benefits packages and strengthening the Public Medical Assistance System, are essential for Chinese adults with cancer.

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“…Worldwide, the incidence of breast cancer increases in parallel with socioeconomic development. There is no doubt that changes in breast cancer risk have taken place in parallel with socioeconomic development and urbanization over the past three decades in China 19 . The allocation of and accessibility to health resources was reduced in poor counties compared with those in non-poor counties, resulting in lower pathological examination and MAM rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Breast Cancer Cases According to County-Level Poverty Status in 3.5 Million Rural Women Who Participated in a Breast Cancer Screening Program of Hunan Province, China from 2016–2018

Xiong

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Purpose Thus far there has been no study on the breast cancer screening program in China, especially one exploring differences between poor and non-poor areas. Therefore, we aimed to assessment the effectiveness of the population-based breast cancer screening programs, and clinical epidemiological characteristics of breast cancers in poor and non-poor counties in rural areas of Hunan province from 2016–2018.Methods 3,151,679 rural women took part in the screening program and 1,169 breast cancer cases was identified. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, and binary logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing the difference in risk factors, clinical examination results, and clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients in poor counties compared with those in non-poor counties in rural areas of Hunan province. Results The breast cancer incidence was 37.09/105. Breast cancer incidence was lower in poor counties (29.68/105) than in non-poor counties (43.13/105). There were differences between breast cancers in poor counties and non-poor counties in cyst, margin, internal echo, and blood flow in solid masses in the right breast in ultrasonic examination, lump structure in mammography examination, and clinicopathological staging and grading in pathological examination. Breast cancer in poor counties was more likely to be diagnosed at later stages as determined from the classification in ultrasonic, mammography and pathological examination. Furthermore, indexes of the breast screening program including early detection, incidence, pathological examination, and mammography examination were reduced in poor compared with non-poor counties. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that education, ethnicity, reproductive history and the year 2017 were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in poor counties (OR >1, P < 0.05). Conclusions Women in poor areas were more likely to be diagnosed at a later breast cancer stage than those in non-poor areas, and therefore, women should have better access to diagnostic and clinical services in poor areas in Hunan province to help rectify this situation.

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Urban rural disparity in female breast cancer incidence rate in China and the increasing trend in parallel with socioeconomic development and urbanization in a rural setting

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Urban–rural disparity in colorectal cancer incidence and increasing trend in relation to socioeconomic development and urbanization in China

Urban–rural disparity in colorectal cancer incidence and increasing trend in relation to socioeconomic development and urbanization in China

Socioeconomic Disparities in Cancer Treatment, Service Utilization and Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Analysis of Breast Cancer Cases According to County-Level Poverty Status in 3.5 Million Rural Women Who Participated in a Breast Cancer Screening Program of Hunan Province, China from 2016–2018

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