Urban Public Transport With the Use of Electric Buses – Development Tendencies

Abstract

Summary. The programing documents of the European Union determine the direction of transport systems development, including large cities and agglomerations. The context of these actions which aim to transform into ecologically clean and sustainable transport system is a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Assuming that public transport will significantly reduce the use of combustion-powered buses, studies on urban logistic enabling the use of electric buses for public transport are needed. The article presents the variants and scenarios for electric buses implementation in urban public transport, as well as the decision algorithm to support electric bus implementation based on technological, organisational, economic and ecological variables. TRANSPORT PUBLICZNY W AGLOMERACJACH Z WYKORZYSTANIEM AUTOBUSU ELEKTRYCZNEGO -TENDENCJE ROZWOJUStreszczenie. Dokumenty programowe Unii Europejskiej wytyczają kierunki rozwoju systemu transportowego także w dużych miastach i aglomeracjach. Kontekstem tych działań, mających na celu przemianę systemu transportowego w transport ekologiczny i zrównoważony, jest znaczące ograniczanie emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Zakładając, że w transporcie publicznym nastąpi znaczne ograniczenie wykorzystania autobusów z napędem spalinowym, niezbędne są badania nad logistyką miejską, umożliwiające wykorzystanie autobusów elektrycznych do transportu publicznego. W artykule przedstawiono warianty i scenariusze wdrażania autobusów elektrycznych w publicznym transporcie zbiorowym oraz zaprezentowano algorytm wsparcia decyzji na podstawie zmiennych technicznych, organizacyjnych, ekonomicznych i ekologicznych.

Sustainable Use of the Catenary by Trolleybuses with Auxiliary Power Sources on the Example of Gdynia

“…The literature of the subject lacks studies that would make it possible to determine which variant of electric public transport development is the most efficient in terms of the overall total costs, including the cost of exchanging batteries during the vehicles' life. At this time, it is much easier to introduce electric buses into the municipal transport system than trolleybuses [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, this apparent ease might prove costly in the long term.…”

“…Scientific research concerns particular policies in the field of urban electric transport development, including trolleybuses [10,15,[28][29][30][31], comparative studies of the development of various means of public transport, including trolleybuses [21,[32][33][34] and the impact of means of transport on the environment, in particular, greenhouse gas emissions, CO 2 and other harmful substances [28,[35][36][37][38][39]. Few studies concern technical issues, including trolleybus drives [40][41][42], power supply infrastructure and catenary [43], vehicle development [19,20,44,45] and technical facilities [46]. The analysis of the literature shows that there are no case studies showing the efficiency of the use of the overhead contact line in connection with the advantages of onboard batteries.…”

Innovation Activity Development of Urban Public Transport Service Providers: Multifactor Economic and Mathematical Model

“…The era of projects focused on the development of urban transport began in the 1960-1970s. The works (Smeed, 1961;Buchanan, et al, 1964;Leibbrand, 1970;Schaeffer, Sclar, 1975) emphasize the role of municipal transport in accelerated urban development. Significant contribution to the development of conceptual role of municipal transport in accelerated urban development was made by Smeed (outlined the traffic problem in town), Buchanan (explained the applied aspects of traffic in towns), Leibbrand (disclosed the questions of transportation and town planning), Schaeffer and Sclar (highlighted the organizational aspects of urban transportation models and urban growth).…”

“…In studies of scientists were explained the application of micro-simulation at a large establishment and evaluating the impacts of urban freight traffic (Aditjandra et al, 2016), transportation demand management (Barcik, 2018). Analysis of the literature shows that the work of scientists focuses on customer, service quality and passenger satisfaction (Nunes, 2014;Krasnyanskiy, 2016;Umpleby, 2017;Walters, 2017;Huang, 2018;Morchadze, 2018), theoretical aspects of the sustainability in transportation (Krawiec, 2016;Tomanek, 2017;Lee, 2017;Currie, 2018), the role of intelligent technologies for efficient power supply in transport systems (Bosyi, 2017;Grabski, 2017). The high level of interest makes it profitable to use Modeling in transport management (Kii, 2014;Chauhan, 2016;Dolinayova, 2017;Hanumappa, 2018).…”

“…Such a situation may occur in the case of a wrongly chosen model for describing an economic process or a lack of statistical basis for building an econometric model. To estimate the autocorrelation of the residues (deviations), the coefficient of autocorrelation (13) is used in accordance with (Leshchynskyy, et al, 2003):…”