Urban Modification of Thunderstorms: An Observational Storm Climatology and Model Case Study for the Indianapolis Urban Region

Niyogi, Dev; Pyle, Patrick; Lei, Ming; Arya, S. Pal; Kishtawal, C. M.; Shepherd, J. Marshall; Chen, Fei; Wolfe, Brian

doi:10.1175/2010jamc1836.1

Cited by 245 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…4c), it is shown that urbanization increases meridional wind in the early May across 20̶45°N latitude, which indicates that the monsoon wind may start early in the season possibly because of a larger thermal contrast between land and ocean. This finding agrees with a recent research by Mitra et al (2012), who documented the enhanced premonsoonal pattern due to land use change in a part of India. By late May and early June the increased meridional wind is confined to 25̶30°N.…”

Section: A Urban Effect In Generalsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Using composite radar data, Ashley et al (2011) andBentley et al (2010) demonstrated that urbanization augmented warm-season convection among a range of cities in the southeastern United States. With a similar method, Niyogi et al (2011) showed that the intensity and structure of the thunderstorms were altered as they moved over Indianapolis, Indiana. Mitra et al (2012) analyzed premonsoonal rainfall over a megalopolis in India and identified the possible association between urban land cover expansion and premonsoonal rainfall increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a similar method, Niyogi et al (2011) showed that the intensity and structure of the thunderstorms were altered as they moved over Indianapolis, Indiana. Mitra et al (2012) analyzed premonsoonal rainfall over a megalopolis in India and identified the possible association between urban land cover expansion and premonsoonal rainfall increase. Urbanization effects on heavy rainfall during the Indian summer monsoon were assessed by Kishtawal et al (2010) with in situ and satellite-based precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation to an Idealized Large-Scale Urban Expansion

Shao

Song

2013

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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A numerical simulation was performed here using a regional climate model (RegCM3) at 60-km horizontal resolution to estimate the maximum impact of urbanization in East Asia on the summer monsoon precipitation in China. A new bulk urban parameterization was added into the land-surface scheme to capture the thermal, dynamic, and hydraulic effects of urban land cover. The 9-year simulation results showed that the large-scale change from natural-surface to high-density urban land cover induced an enhancement in the southwesterly wind speed in the early monsoon season across eastern China. In July and August, the enhanced southwesterlies moved to northern China, while a weakened southwesterly wind speed appeared south of the Yangtze River valley (YRV). Meanwhile, a large reduction in rainfall occurred in southern China with most reduction accounted for by convective precipitation reduction. This corresponded to the reduced water-vapor supply from the weakened southwesterlies in southern China, decreased convergence in the YRV, reduced convective instability in the lower troposphere, and lessened evapotranspiration from the impervious urban surface. Accompanied by the increased southwesterlies in the west and northwest of the urban region, a moderate increase in rainfall occurred in northern China. The changes in southwesterly wind speed and rainfall in southern China were more evident in the weak East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) years than in the strong ones. This underlines the impact of change in large-scale intensive urban land use on regional climate in the weak phase of the EASM. As fractional urban land cover was reduced, the changes in wind and precipitation were still shown but the spatial coverage and magnitude of these changes were reduced.

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Section: A Urban Effect In Generalsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation to an Idealized Large-Scale Urban Expansion

Shao

Song

2013

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Long-term changes in the SWS can affect water vapor evaporation and hydrological cycles in some regions (Rayner 2007;McVicar et al 2007;Donohue et al 2010;Niyogi et al 2011;Mclnnes et al 2011;McMahon et al 2013). Previous studies have attributed decreases in pan-evaporation to long-term decreases in SWS in some regions over the past 50 years (Roderick et al 2007;McVicar et al 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in terrestrial near-surface wind speed and their possible causes: an overview

et al. 2017

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drag forces are caused by changes in the external and internal friction in the atmosphere. Changes in surface friction are mainly caused by changes in the surface roughness due to land use and cover change (LUCC), including urbanization, and changes in internal friction are mainly induced by changes in the boundary layer characteristics. Future studies should compare the spatio-temporal differences in SWS between high and low altitudes and quantify the effects of different factors on the SWS. Additionally, in-depth analysis of extreme SWS events and prediction of future mean and extreme SWS values at global and regional scales are also necessary. Abstract Changes in terrestrial near-surface wind speed (SWS) are induced by a combination of anthropogenic activities and natural climate changes. Thus, the study of the long-term changes of SWS and their causes is very important for recognizing the effects of these processes. Although the slowdown in SWS has been analyzed in previous studies, to the best of knowledge, no overall comparison or detailed examination of this research has been performed. Similarly, the causes of the decreases in SWS and the best directions of future research have not been discussed in depth. Therefore, we analyzed a series of studies reporting SWS trends spanning the last 30 years from around the world. The changes in SWS differ among different regions. The most significant decreases have occurred in Central Asia and North America, with mean linear trends of − 0.11 m s −1 decade −1 ; the second most significant decreases have occurred in Europe, East Asia, and South Asia, with mean linear trends of − 0.08 m s −1 decade −1 ; and the weakest decrease has occurred in Australia. Although the SWS in Africa has decreased, this region lacks long-term observational data. Therefore, the uncertainties in the long-term SWS trend are higher in this region than in other regions. The changes in SWS, caused by a mixture of global-, regional-, and localscale factors, are mainly due to changes in driving forces and drag forces. The changes in the driving forces are caused by changes in atmospheric circulation, and the changes in the Keywords

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“…The UHI effects on mesoscale circulation can be ob served in convective precipitation (Shepherd 2005). In the past decade, numerous studies have reported that urban morphological parameters can considerably influence precipitation variability (Ikebuchi et al 2007, Shem & Shepherd 2009, Niyogi et al 2011, Hu et al 2012, Willems et al 2012, Chen et al 2015. The possible mechanism leading to the discrepancy in the precipitation of urban areas and that of their surrounding areas has been discussed by Shepherd (2005) as being (1) an increased convergence due to extended surface roughness, (2) destabiliza tion caused by UHI perturbations of the planetary boundary layer, or (3) enhanced aerosols in an urban environment for cloud condensation nuclei sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban impacts on air temperature and precipitation over The Netherlands

Golroudbary¹,

Zeng²,

Mannaerts³

et al. 2018

Clim. Res.

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The detection of changes in the weather of urban areas is an important issue for understanding the impact of weather on human lives. Five years of basic weather observations (2011−2015) from automatic and amateur networks across The Netherlands were used to investigate the urban effects on meteorological parameters with a focus on temperature (e.g. urban heat island [UHI]) and precipitation. Representative stations were selected based on metadata and a set of criteria for data quality control. An hourly analysis indicates that UHIs are a nocturnal phenomenon in The Netherlands and are more prominent after sunset, when they exceed 2°C. A seasonal analysis shows that UHIs occur in all seasons during the year, with the most significant UHI occurring in the summer. Furthermore, the differences in the precipitation of urban and rural areas were shown to be greatest after sunrise during the day. The maximum hourly UHI and hourly precipitation distributions were analyzed using a generalized extreme value model. The occurrences of maximum precipitation are likely to be more frequent at urban stations than at the nearby rural stations. Additionally, the distinct seasonal cycle of precipitation that is dependent on the UHI demonstrates that the maximum UHI and precipitation occurred in the summer. Our results indicate that the UHI and precipitation enhancements in Dutch urban residential areas, as obtained from the data of weather amateurs, are in agreement with the results presented in the literature, and that 7% more precipitation occurs in cities than in rural areas.

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Urban Modification of Thunderstorms: An Observational Storm Climatology and Model Case Study for the Indianapolis Urban Region

Cited by 245 publications

References 42 publications

Sensitivity of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation to an Idealized Large-Scale Urban Expansion

Sensitivity of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation to an Idealized Large-Scale Urban Expansion

Changes in terrestrial near-surface wind speed and their possible causes: an overview

Urban impacts on air temperature and precipitation over The Netherlands

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