“Urban meteorology and air quality”. Meeting 21<sup>st</sup> March 2001, University of Birmingham

Betts, Richard

doi:10.1006/asle.2001.0023

Cited by 217 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

171

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The effects of surface albedo change can be quantified through radiative forcing [2]. This could be used to compare the contribution of land cover change with other drivers of climate change [1].…”

Section: Uncertainties Errors and Accuraciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A large decrease in the land surface albedo of the Loess Plateau was observed from 2000 to 2010, as measured using satellite imagery. In particular, ecological restoration program regions experienced a decrease in peak season land surface albedo exceeding 0.05. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal patterns of variation during the peak season albedo in the Loess Plateau and analyzed its relationships with changes of anthropogenic and natural factors at the pixel level. Our analysis revealed that increasing grassland coverage due to returning rangeland to grassland could lead to a maximum albedo decrease of 0.030 in peak season. This result highlighted the human-induced land use change in driving the decreasing albedo on an annual scale. There was no significant correlation between precipitation change and albedo reduction. Precipitation could influence the spatial pattern of albedo in drought years by influencing the natural vegetation water requirement. However, the role of precipitation was not obvious in the ecological restoration program regions. This article demonstrates the substantial role that land use change could play in regional-scale albedo change and climate. Finally, some implications for the radiative forcing of land use change are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Uncertainties Errors and Accuraciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are various factors that affect the surface albedo. Human-induced land cover changes disturb the earth surface energy balance by modifying the land surface albedo, which impacts regional and global climate systems [2]. Land surface albedo has long been recognized as a key radiative forcing factor from land cover changes [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter effect may dominate in the tropics, as several modelling (e.g., Nobre et al, 1991;Costa and Foley, 2000;Sampaio et al, 2007;Davin and de Noblet-Ducoudré, 2010) and observational (Gash and Nobre, 1997;Von Randow et al, 2004;Da Rocha et al, 2009;Loarie et al, 2011) studies have shown. In contrast, because of the strong snow masking effect exerted by the forest canopy, the radiative (albedo) impact of forest clearing has likely led to surface cooling at high latitudes (e.g., Betts, 2001;Govindasamy et al, 2001;Bounoua et al, 2002;). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical land-use-induced evapotranspiration changes estimated from present-day observations and reconstructed land-cover maps

Boisier

Noblet‐Ducoudré

Ciais

2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Recent results from the LUCID model intercomparison project have revealed large discrepancies in the simulated evapotranspiration (ET) response to the historical landuse change. Distinct land-surface parameterizations are behind those discrepancies, but understanding those differences rely on evaluations using still very limited measurements. Model benchmarking studies with observed ET are required in order to reduce the current uncertainties in the impacts of land use in terrestrial water flows. Here we present new estimates of historical land-use-induced ET changes based on three observation-driven products of ET. These products are used to derive empirical models of ET as a function of land-cover properties and environmental variables. An ensemble of reconstructions of past ET changes are derived with the same set of land-cover maps used in LUCID, with which we obtain an average decrease in global terrestrial ET of 1260 ± 850 km 3 yr −1 between the preindustrial period and the present-day. This estimate is larger in magnitude than the mean ET change simulated within LUCID with process-based models, and substantially weaker than other estimates based on observations. Although decreases in annual ET dominate in deforested regions, large summertime increases in ET are diagnosed over areas of large cropland expansion. The multiple ET reconstructions carried out here show a large spread that we attribute principally to the different land-cover maps adopted and to the crops' ET rates deduced from the various products assessed. We therefore conclude that the current uncertainties of past ET changes could be reduced efficiently with improved historical landcover reconstructions and better estimates of cropland ET.

show abstract

“…Land use/land cover change mechanisms include both transformation of natural land surfaces to those serving human needs (i.e., direct anthropogenic change; e.g., conversion of tropical forest to agriculture) as well as changes in land cover on longer time scales that are due to biogeophysical feedbacks between atmosphere and land (i.e., indirect change; Cramer et al 2001;Foley et al 2005). Global and regional models have been used extensively to investigate effects of direct and indirect land use/land cover change mechanisms on climate (Copeland et al 1996;Betts 2001;Eastman et al 2001;Pielke et al 2002;Feddema et al 2005). However, all of these studies have focused on land use/land cover related to changes in vegetation types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities

Oleson

Bonan

Feddema

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

244

210

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urbanization, the expansion of built-up areas, is an important yet less-studied aspect of land use/land cover change in climate science. To date, most global climate models used to evaluate effects of land use/land cover change on climate do not include an urban parameterization. Here, the authors describe the formulation and evaluation of a parameterization of urban areas that is incorporated into the Community Land Model, the land surface component of the Community Climate System Model. The model is designed to be simple enough to be compatible with structural and computational constraints of a land surface model coupled to a global climate model yet complex enough to explore physically based processes known to be important in determining urban climatology. The city representation is based upon the "urban canyon" concept, which consists of roofs, sunlit and shaded walls, and canyon floor. The canyon floor is divided into pervious (e.g., residential lawns, parks) and impervious (e.g., roads, parking lots, sidewalks) fractions. Trapping of longwave radiation by canyon surfaces and solar radiation absorption and reflection is determined by accounting for multiple reflections. Separate energy balances and surface temperatures are determined for each canyon facet. A one-dimensional heat conduction equation is solved numerically for a 10-layer column to determine conduction fluxes into and out of canyon surfaces. Model performance is evaluated against measured fluxes and temperatures from two urban sites. Results indicate the model does a reasonable job of simulating the energy balance of cities.

show abstract

“Urban meteorology and air quality”. Meeting 21^st March 2001, University of Birmingham

Cited by 217 publications

References 19 publications

Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China)

Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China)

Historical land-use-induced evapotranspiration changes estimated from present-day observations and reconstructed land-cover maps

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

“Urban meteorology and air quality”. Meeting 21st March 2001, University of Birmingham

Cited by 217 publications

References 19 publications

Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China)

Human-Induced Landcover Changes Drive a Diminution of Land Surface Albedo in the Loess Plateau (China)

Historical land-use-induced evapotranspiration changes estimated from present-day observations and reconstructed land-cover maps

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

“Urban meteorology and air quality”. Meeting 21^st March 2001, University of Birmingham