Urban land use challenges to vegetation index of green open spaces

Abstract

Green open space as nature-based solutions (NBS) infrastructure must be prioritized to continue providing environmental services. Green open spaces can reduce risks from possible threats. The NDVI, as the green open space vegetation index value, measures the function of the area in the Mount Tidar Botanical Gardens (MTBG) Magelang where maintaining ecology and vegetation density services as measured by the NDVI value. Environmental challenges from outside the MTBG are increasing of NDBI that changes in urban land use, which widely changes vegetation density. The methods used in this study are comparison remote sensing interpretation for NDVI and NDBI by Sentinel satellite imageries were analyzed as environmental interaction of biotic, abiotic, and cultural in 2019 and 2023. The results showed that the change in area of plant density in Magelang City, which was initially 61.85%, was moderate and dense vegetation in 2019, decreased to 47.79% now. Magelang City’s population growth of 1.02% requires 455.60 km2 of residential area, while green open space MTBG has stayed the same at only 3.8% of Magelang City Area. Vegetation density in MTBG is still above 99% from 2019 to 2023, dominated by vegetation with a density index of up to 96%.