Urban Inequities; Urban Rights: A Conceptual Analysis and Review of Impacts on Children, and Policies to Address Them

Stephens, Carolyn

doi:10.1007/s11524-011-9655-5

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(78 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The incidence of LBW in developing countries ranges from 5 to 33% with an average of 16.5% which is more than double the rate of 7% noted in developed regions [5]. For instance, the average incidence rate of LBW in Nigeria is 12% [6], but the actual incidence of LBW in developing countries may be difficult to determine because many deliveries occur in rural areas where health care is inaccessible and the newborns are not routinely weighed [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Multi-Centre, Cross-Sectional Study in a Developing Country

O¹

2015

J Neonatal Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) deliveries contribute to high neonatal mortality rates (NMR) in developing countries. Several maternal risk factors are associated with LBW newborns. Appropriate interventions will help to reduce the incidence of LBW deliveries in these countries and improve neonatal survival outcomes. This study aims to identify maternal risk factors associated with LBW in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A multi-centre, cross-sectional study of 506 consecutive live newborns delivered between September 1st and December 31st 2011 was conducted in a southeast Nigerian city. Maternal data included last menstrual period, history of illnesses such as hypertensive disorders and anaemia during pregnancy, delivery date and time. The weights of the newborns were measured at birth. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0. The relative risk of having a LBW newborn with maternal factors was calculated. Results: There were a total of 72 LBW newborns, giving an incidence rate of 14.2%. Eighteen (25%) of the mothers with LBW deliveries had malaria in pregnancy while 4 (5.6%) tested positive for human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV). The relative risk of having a LBW newborn was high in maternal HIV (RR=3.25, C.I=1.51-6.97), hypertension in pregnancy (RR=3.07, C.I=1.52-6.22), ante partum hemorrhage (APH) (RR=7.20, C.I=5.79-8.95), as well as primiparity (RR=1.35, C.I=0.88-2.08). Conclusion: Common maternal risk factors for LBW babies in Enugu, southeast Nigeria include APH, HIV, hypertension in pregnancy, and primiparity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Multi-Centre, Cross-Sectional Study in a Developing Country

O¹

2015

J Neonatal Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In terms of health, the most vulnerable young children may have been born at low birthweight to homeless mothers, and are at risk of malnutrition and infectious disease. However, in addition, urban populations are increasingly at risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases, changing the nature of the public health problems in LMICs (29).…”

Section: Rural and Urban Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older children are at risk of sexual abuse and, in many contexts, sexual slavery. Street children and adolescents are also at risk from alcohol and drug misuse (29), in addition to risks associated with living in an unsafe and unhealthy environment. Ultimately therefore the policy solutions to improve children's outcomes will differ according to where they live and the challenges they face.…”

Section: Rural and Urban Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling Structural and Social Issues to Reduce Inequities in Children’s Outcomes in Low- to Middle-Income Countries

Bell¹,

Donkin²,

Marmot³

2013

Innocenti Discussion Papers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tackling inequities in children's outcomes matters both from a moral perspective, and because of persuasive social and economic arguments. Reducing inequity in children's outcomes requires tackling structural and social issues. The paper provides evidence about how social, economic and environmental conditions shape inequities in children's outcomes. Building on insights generated through studies on the social determinants of health, the paper provides a framework to inform research and policy to reduce inequities in children's outcomes, with a specific focus on lowand middle-income countries.

show abstract

“…WHO through its Social Determinants for Health (SDH) review concluded, the situations under which people are born, live, work and age can cause unfair health disparities (9)(10)(11). Generally, health inequalities, including inequalities in child health are considered as inequity (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policymakers and institutional structures affecting health inequality in Ethiopia: a Qualitative Study

Abbe¹,

Dolamo²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background : Ethiopia generally provides a story of progress in child health, but unevenly distributed. The attitude, knowledge, political drives, interest groups and institutional dynamics in health equity policy setting and execution has not been explored in Ethiopia. Without addressing these issues, the right kind of policy choice and implementation cannot be attained. Methods : This study was conducted between 2015 and 2017 in Ethiopia. The study utilized a qualitative framework, grounded in social determinants for health and health policy. Semi-structured interviews; executed policy analysis; and reviewed the literature. In-depth interviews were conducted among twenty-one policymakers and reviewed 23 policy documents and over 350 literatures, Transcribed data, policy extracts and articles were synthesised and analysed by ATLAS.ti 7.1.4. Results: Ethiopia is in an early state of recognizing and intervening against health inequalities. The quality and level of knowledge is mixed and gets reduced as one goes to the rural areas. Consensus is slowly developing on the major underlying causes of inequality. The contents of health policy documents are neither comprehensive nor strongly supported by evidence. There are multiple interest groups with varying level of knowledge and power. Complex political and institutional relations affect policy making process negatively. Participants demonstrated denialism; blaming of victims; misconceptions; and one size fits all attitudes. Conclusions : Any future work for improving health equity needs to be build more on evidence and embrace more participatory processes to address all types of interest groups.

show abstract

Urban Inequities; Urban Rights: A Conceptual Analysis and Review of Impacts on Children, and Policies to Address Them

Cited by 25 publications

References 99 publications

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Multi-Centre, Cross-Sectional Study in a Developing Country

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Multi-Centre, Cross-Sectional Study in a Developing Country

Tackling Structural and Social Issues to Reduce Inequities in Children’s Outcomes in Low- to Middle-Income Countries

Policymakers and institutional structures affecting health inequality in Ethiopia: a Qualitative Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About