Urban Health Challenges in Europe

Lawrence, Roderick J.

doi:10.1007/s11524-012-9761-z

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…21 Lawrence continues the argument about the nature of health development in cities which he has eloquently analyzed in a number of earlier publications. 22 Lipp et al ask questions around the engagement of cities in partnership development and maintenance.…”

Section: A Theoretical and Methodological Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluating WHO Healthy Cities in Europe: Issues and Perspectives

Leeuw

2012

J Urban Health

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In this introductory article, we situate the findings of the Phase IV evaluation effort of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network in its historic evolutionary development. We review each of the contributions to this supplement in terms of the theoretical and methodological frameworks applied. Although the findings of each are both relevant and generated with a scholarly rigor that is appropriate to the context in which the evaluation took place, we find that particularly these contextual factors have not contributed to optimum quality of research. Any drawbacks in individual contributions cannot be attributed to their analysts and authors but relate to the complicated and evolving nature of the project. These factors are also reviewed.

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Section: A Theoretical and Methodological Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluating WHO Healthy Cities in Europe: Issues and Perspectives

Leeuw

2012

J Urban Health

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“…In turn, as Table 1 shows, there are many consequences that are contrary to the principles of healthy cities, and they can be organized into four main areas: (a) the social area, with consequences such as social exclusion [12,13,23,28], lack of social interaction [55,56], a reduced sense of community [46,56,57], difficulties of physical mobility [28,46,58], and the lack of moderate and strong physical activity [34,35,37,38,59]; (b) the health area encompasses consequences in the form of a great variety of diseases, such as respiratory diseases [26,60,61], cardiovascular diseases [26,60,61], neurological diseases [26,28,61], oncological diseases [34,43], behavioral and psychological disorders [28,34], obesity and being overweight [34,35,37,59], physical and psychological damages [34], and, finally, effects on mortality rates [60]; (c) from the economic area emerges the loss of local amenities, infrastructure, and material costs [28,34], fuel costs [13,28], time costs [28,…”

Section: Relationship Between Sustainable Development and Healthy Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Urban Mobility Policies as a Path to Healthy Cities—The Case Study of LMA, Portugal

Louro

Costa

2019

Sustainability

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Sustainable development has become the basis of several worldwide policies over the last few decades, and its role will continue to shape policies for decades to come, especially those that are focused on urban mobility. At the same time, urban mobility is included in the framework of the Healthy Cities movement. In this context, using the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), Portugal, as the study area, this article intends to answer the following research question: are sustainable urban mobility policies contributing to healthy cities? Urban mobility planning and public health instruments were compared with the discourses and practices of those responsible for the implementation of urban mobility policies and Healthy Cities projects. The results reveal that a large number of responses proposed in the mobility planning instruments are, to some extent, related to the principles of healthy cities. Also, while municipal agents tend not to consider the inclusion of those principles, they instead incorporate the concepts of sustainable development. Nevertheless, we found that both approaches overlap the policy directions of healthy cities. On the other hand, public health policies and Healthy Cities projects presented a scarce number of references to its interventions in the urban mobility domain and mainly focused on the promotion of soft modes. It is concluded that, in the case of the observed municipalities of the LMA, the healthy cities framework is greatly benefited by the inclusion of sustainable development principles in all policies, especially those for urban mobility.

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“…Empirical research since the 1990s confirms that residents and visitors in many European cities are confronted by chronic problems in cities that impact negatively on health and well-being. For example, increasing levels of air and water pollution, accelerating losses of biodiversity, growing socio-economic inequalities, a persistent lack of affordable housing, and access to affordable primary health care [14]. The World Health Organization European Region (WHO-Europe) is one of WHO's six regional offices in the world.…”

Section: Incremental and Radical Urban Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Transdisciplinary Responses to Children’s Health Challenges in the Context of Rapid Urbanization

Lawrence

2019

Sustainability

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Urban transformations are complex, dynamic, and systemic societal phenomena that have many positive and negative consequences, including irreversible changes to land-use and loss of soil permeability, deforestation and accelerating losses of biodiversity, energy consumption and increasing volumes of green-house gas emissions, demographics and greater socio-economic inequalities, and accelerating incidences of non-communicable diseases. These omnipresent diseases (e.g., asthma, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes) have no cultural, geographical, or socio-economic boundaries and they impact all age groups including children and young adults. Local and national authorities North and South of the Equator, and international organizations and networks, have rarely responded effectively to children's health challenges in the context of rapid urban development. The purpose of this article is to describe and illustrate more effective approaches. It proposes new ideas, founded on collective thinking involving several disciplines and professions, and new working methods, founded on collaboration with community associations in civil society. Both promote shared understandings about the complex, dynamic, systemic, and emergent nature of urban health risks for children. The article explains why transdisciplinary contributions should be distinguished from multi-and inter-disciplinary contributions, and it presents examples of participatory action research in the WHO European region about children's health.

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Urban Health Challenges in Europe

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluating WHO Healthy Cities in Europe: Issues and Perspectives

Evaluating WHO Healthy Cities in Europe: Issues and Perspectives

Sustainable Urban Mobility Policies as a Path to Healthy Cities—The Case Study of LMA, Portugal

Transdisciplinary Responses to Children’s Health Challenges in the Context of Rapid Urbanization

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