Urban foodscape trends: Disparities in healthy food access in Chicago, 2007–2014

Kolak, Marynia; Bradley, Michelle; Block, Daniel; Pool, Lindsay R.; Garg, Gaurang; Toman, Chrissy Kelly; Boatright, Kyle; Lipiszko, Dawid; Koschinsky, Julia; Kershaw, Kiarri N.; Carnethon, Mercedes R.; Isakova, Tamara; Wolf, Myles

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.06.003

Cited by 55 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The overabundance of small food stores is particularly concerning because recent studies have found that excess availability of unhealthy food retailers (i.e., food swamp) is a better community-level predictor of obesity than poor availability of healthy food retailers (i.e., food desert) [23,24]. Like other large urban centers in the U.S., many of Chicago's communities that are considered a food swamp or desert have a large percentage of poor and minority residents [6,7,25]. African American residents comprise 33% of Chicago's population but nearly 80% of the residents that live in a food desert [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other large urban centers in the U.S., many of Chicago's communities that are considered a food swamp or desert have a large percentage of poor and minority residents [6,7,25]. African American residents comprise 33% of Chicago's population but nearly 80% of the residents that live in a food desert [25]. Furthermore, the metropolitan Chicago area is one of the most segregated urban centers in the U.S. with high levels of black-white segregation [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Changes to Food and Beverage Availability and Marketing in a Low-Income Community after the Opening of a New Supermarket: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Singleton

Liu

Zenk

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In 2016, a large chain supermarket opened in the Englewood community of Chicago, IL – a low-income African American community. The development of this supermarket was supported, in part, by the Healthy Food Financing Initiative (HFFI) – a federal initiative to expand access to healthy foods in food deserts. The aim of this study was to examine changes to food and beverage availability and marketing in Englewood’s existing food stores after the supermarket’s opening. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from 2016 – 2018. Trained fieldworkers audited all small grocery and limited-service stores (e.g., convenience stores, liquor stores, pharmacies, dollar/discount stores) located within one-square mile of the new supermarket and a one-square mile area of a demographically comparable community in Chicago that also lacked a supermarket. All stores in the one-square mile area were audited at three time points: before (2016) and after (2017 and 2018) the supermarket opened. Extensive data on availability and marketing were collected for staple food items, snacks, and beverages. Difference-in-differences (DID) regression models were used to identify significant differences between the intervention and comparison communities in the changes in food and beverage availability and marketing. Results: Of the 78 stores audited at baseline, 71.8% were limited-service stores, and 85.9% accepted Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. The availability of healthy food and beverage options in existing food stores was limited at baseline and both follow-up periods. Stores in the intervention community offered, on average, < 3 fresh vegetable options and < 2 fresh fruit options at all three time periods. DID regression models revealed a significant increase in 1) the percentage of stores in the intervention community offering regular cheese and promoting salty snacks at check-out from 2016 – 2017 and 2) the percentage of stores in the comparison community with interior store promotions for other sweetened beverages from 2016 – 2018. Conclusions: Minimal changes in food and beverage availability and marketing occurred one and two years after the opening of the new supermarket. However, the wide range of staple food items offered by the supermarket expanded healthy food retail in Chicago’s Englewood community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Changes to Food and Beverage Availability and Marketing in a Low-Income Community after the Opening of a New Supermarket: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Singleton

Liu

Zenk

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Analyses of changes to food environments over time have been less common, but a growing body of research using repeat cross-sectional or longitudinal methods has examined temporal trends in the prevalence of "healthy" or "unhealthy" food retailers, and changes in retail distribution by socioeconomic status or race and ethnicity of surrounding communities (Berger et al, 2019;Filomena et al, 2013;James et al, 2017;Kolak et al, 2018;Larsen and Gilliland, 2008;Luan et al, 2015;Maguire et al, 2015;Mundorf et al, 2015;Ohri-Vachaspati et al, 2019;Richardson et al, 2014;Rummo et al, 2017) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Google-truthing to assess hot spots of food retail change: A repeat cross-sectional Street View of food environments in the Bronx, New York

2020

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Google Street View (GSV) images can be used to "ground-truth" current and historical food retail data from approximately 2007-when GSV was launched in a few US cities-to the present, facilitating analyses of food environments over time. A review of GSV images of all food retailers listed in a government database of licensed establishments in the Bronx, New York enabled records to be verified, businesses classified, and retail change quantified. The data revealed several trends likely to affect food access and health: increasing overall numbers of food retailers; the growth of dollar stores; and numerous openings, closings, and ownership changes across all food retail segments. Hot spot analysis identified statistically significant clusters of new dollar stores and bodegas, purveyors of less healthy processed foods, in lower-income neighborhoods in the South Bronx that face elevated rates of diet-related diseases. This article demonstrates the benefits and limitations of using GSV to conduct "virtual" food environment research.

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“…Eating a nutritious diet is encouraged when healthy foods are convenient, which aids in preventing the development of chronic diseases (4,5). Disparities in access to fresh and healthy foods are well-documented (3,(6)(7)(8), but several obstacles have limited the ability of national and local governments to thoroughly address these issues. One of these obstacles is related to the difficulty in defining and measuring access to nutritious food in an objective and comprehensive manner (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowdsourced Mapping for Healthy Food Accessibility in Dallas, Texas: A Feasibility Study

McKey

Kim

Seo

2020

Front. Public Health

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Since its first use for describing a neighborhood lacking access to food in the 1990's, "food deserts" has been widely addressed by researchers and adopted as an indicator of neighborhood-level food insecurity by governmental agencies, such as USDA. However, mostly due to cost and difficulty in collecting georeferenced data and characteristics of grocery stores, the USDA Food Access Research Atlas is infrequently released, and considers only income, vehicle ownership, and distance to the nearest grocery store. In this paper, we explored the feasibility of a crowdsourced geospatial data source, coupled with additional measures, in supplementing the USDA's current designation of food deserts. We used Yelp data to map food deserts in the city of Dallas and compared them with those based on the 2015 USDA food retailer database. Although direct comparison was not possible due to time mismatch between the two data sources, the discrepancies highlighted the need of a more frequent identification of food deserts for timely policy intervention. Furthermore, we extended mapping to reveal other potential areas of concerns, by adding the Transit Score metric and Yelp's price descriptor of businesses. The resulting maps illustrated the areas with grocery stores nearby but with limited accessibility due to lack of public transit or potential financial barriers in purchasing foods due to high prices. Our findings demonstrate the current status and future potential of up-to-date crowdsourced, georeferenced data as a complement of official government data, which could serve to extend food access research and guide health policies.

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Urban foodscape trends: Disparities in healthy food access in Chicago, 2007–2014

Cited by 55 publications

References 48 publications

Examining Changes to Food and Beverage Availability and Marketing in a Low-Income Community after the Opening of a New Supermarket: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Examining Changes to Food and Beverage Availability and Marketing in a Low-Income Community after the Opening of a New Supermarket: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Google-truthing to assess hot spots of food retail change: A repeat cross-sectional Street View of food environments in the Bronx, New York

Crowdsourced Mapping for Healthy Food Accessibility in Dallas, Texas: A Feasibility Study

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