Urban expansion and forest reserves: Drivers of change and persistence on the coast of São Paulo State (Brazil)

Daunt, Ana Beatriz Pierri; Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire; Bürgi, Matthias; Hersperger, Anna M.

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105189

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…frequency of urban cells at higher elevations, i.e., since 2006 (Figure 9a). These findings corroborate the studies of Daunt & Sanna Freire Silva (2019) and Daunt et al (2021), who discussed a recent tendency of urban expansion toward higher elevations and steeper slopes in the NCSP.…”

Section: Patterns and Drivers Of Urban Growth And Segregationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Information from the Brazilian census shows an increase of 195% in the population of the region from 1996 to 2022 (IBGE, 2022), which was accompanied by a fast expansion of urban areas (MapBiomas Project, 2022). The fast population and urban growth have been driven by two main forces: high tourist attractivity, with increasing demands for housing (including second homes) and services; and improvements in road and industrial infrastructure for the oil and gas sectors, leading to increasing accessibility to the region (Daunt & Sanna Freire Silva, 2019;Daunt, Sanna Freire Silva, Bürgi, & Hersperger, 2021;Rosemback et al, 2010). While most of the urban settlements are located on flatter lands, newly urbanized areas have been expanding towards steeper slopes, on the transition zones between the coastal plains and the escarpments (Daunt & Sanna Freire Silva, 2019;Daunt et al, 2021).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fast population and urban growth have been driven by two main forces: high tourist attractivity, with increasing demands for housing (including second homes) and services; and improvements in road and industrial infrastructure for the oil and gas sectors, leading to increasing accessibility to the region (Daunt & Sanna Freire Silva, 2019;Daunt, Sanna Freire Silva, Bürgi, & Hersperger, 2021;Rosemback et al, 2010). While most of the urban settlements are located on flatter lands, newly urbanized areas have been expanding towards steeper slopes, on the transition zones between the coastal plains and the escarpments (Daunt & Sanna Freire Silva, 2019;Daunt et al, 2021). The urban expansion towards hazardous locations such as steeper slopes has a strong impact on the exposure of urban settlements to disaster risk, as became evident with the disaster that hit the region in February 2023.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban growth and spatial segregation increase disaster risk: Lessons learned from the 2023 disaster on the North Coast of São Paulo, Brazil

Bastos Moroz,

Thieken

2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Urban growth and the increase in urban poverty are important drivers of disaster risk. However, the influence of these processes on the dynamics of exposure and vulnerability remains uncertain. We hereby contribute to this discussion by presenting key lessons learned from the hazardous event that hit the North Coast of São Paulo (NCSP), Brazil, in February 2023. While the event was triggered by rainfall amounts of over 500 millimeters in a day, urban development processes also influenced the disaster impacts. In this paper, we quantify these influences through a data integration approach combining empirical evidence on the historical evolution of urban settlements with damage mapping. We also evaluate the factors driving urban growth and spatial segregation in the region. We found out that the disaster impacts were largely attributed to historical urban growth, as 46 % fewer buildings would have been damaged if the same event had happened around two decades earlier, i.e., in 2001. Also, precarious urban settlements were considerably more exposed and vulnerable to the event, as evidenced by the density of damaged buildings, i.e., 12 times higher than in non-precarious settlements. We also observed strong patterns of spatial segregation in the NCSP. For instance, precarious settlements are much more frequent at hazardous locations, including on and at shorter distances from steep slopes. While this paper presents an analysis at the local level, the challenges of urbanization and growing intra-urban inequalities are global. Thus, these results reinforce the importance of accounting for such urban processes in disaster risk reduction interventions, and the urgent need for research efforts that go beyond the hazard component, e.g., through an improvement of methods to simulate urban scenarios in the scope of disaster risk.

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Section: Patterns and Drivers Of Urban Growth And Segregationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban growth and spatial segregation increase disaster risk: Lessons learned from the 2023 disaster on the North Coast of São Paulo, Brazil

Bastos Moroz,

Thieken

2024

Preprint

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“…The communities mentioned the biological systems category less frequently, even though it is directly related to the current issues they have been facing, often associated with pressures for land use, deforestation, and urban expansion (Inouye et al, 2015;Daunt and Silva, 2019;Daunt et al, 2021), as well as land use conflicts due to overlaps with protected areas (Simões, 2015;Maretti and Simões, 2020). Initially, the problems that emerge are associated with social infrastructure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and local communities as key actors to identify climate-related disaster impacts: a citizen science approach in Southeast Brazilian coastal areas

Pereira,

Brazílio,

Trejo-Rangel

et al. 2023

Front. Clim.

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The impacts of climate-related disasters can be estimated by climate models. However, climate models are frequently downscaled to specific settings to facilitate Disaster Risk Management (DRM) to better understand local impacts and avoid overlooking uncertainties. Several studies have registered the increasing importance of recognizing traditional knowledge, co-design, and collaboration with local communities in developing DRM strategies. The objective of this research was co-design local-scale observations with traditional and local communities to characterize their local context regarding the impacts of climate-related disasters. The citizen science approach coupled with participatory action research was conducted with two traditional communities in the Southeast of the Brazilian coast: Quilombo do Campinho da Independência in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, and the Caiçara (artisanal fishing) community of Ubatumirim in Ubatuba, São Paulo. Working groups were organized with leaders to become community researchers, conducting interviews and actively mobilizing their communities. A structured questionnaire was developed, adapting 22 variables taken from the Protocol for the Collection of Cross-Cultural Comparative Data on Local Indicators of Climate Change Impacts—LICCI Protocol. A total of 366 impacts were analyzed, after combining the georeferencing form data collected—Survey123 (280 impacts) and the interviews with community leaders (86 impacts). The results showed a significant level of cohesion (α = 0.01) between the Caiçara (artisanal fishers) and Quilombola (Afro-descendants) perceptions of climate-related events associated with their subsistence practices and climate variability. These findings highlighting the importance of DRM proposals that recognize traditional peoples and local communities as frontline vulnerable populations while acknowledging their role as key actors in identifying impacts, collecting data on land use and territory, subsistence-oriented activities, and cosmovision. However, it is still necessary to address climate change challenges at different scales. To do this, it is crucial to promote cognitive justice though the recognition of the values of the memories, perceptions and local knowledge, by scaling up locally-driven observations that empower local communities to lead their own climate adaptation efforts.

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“…(1) Characterization of UE. Quantitative indexes, such as expansion intensity and expansion direction, have been widely used to characterize the UE pattern [18,19]. Meanwhile, the extensive use of 3S has facilitated better understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of UE [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Urban Expansion on Carbon Emissions in the Urban Agglomerations of Yellow River Basin, China

Wang,

Zeng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Land

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Continued urban expansion (UE) has long been regarded as a huge challenge for climate change mitigation. However, much less is known about how UE affects carbon emissions (CEs), especially in the urban agglomerations of the Yellow River Basin (UAYRB), China. In this regard, this study introduced kernel density analysis, the Gini coefficient, and Markov chains to reveal the UE patterns and carbon emissions intensity (CEI) in the UAYRB at the county level, and explored the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of UE on CEI with the geographically and temporally weighted regression model. The results show that both CEI and UE in the UAYRB showed a steady growing trend during the study period. The kernel density of CEI and UE revealed that CEI in the UAYRB was weakening, while the UE rate continuously slowed down. The Gini coefficients of both CEI and UE in the UAYRB region were at high levels, indicating obvious spatial imbalance. The Markov transfer probability matrix for CEI with a time span of five years showed that CEI growth will still occur over the next five years, while that of UE was more obvious. Meanwhile, counties with a regression coefficient of UE on CEI higher than 0 covered the majority, and the distribution pattern remained quite stable. The regression coefficients of different urban landscape metrics on CEI in the UAYRB varied greatly; except for the landscape shape index, the regression coefficients of the aggregation index, interspersion and juxtaposition index, and patch density overall remained positive. These findings can advance the policy enlightenment of the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

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Urban expansion and forest reserves: Drivers of change and persistence on the coast of São Paulo State (Brazil)

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Urban growth and spatial segregation increase disaster risk: Lessons learned from the 2023 disaster on the North Coast of São Paulo, Brazil

Urban growth and spatial segregation increase disaster risk: Lessons learned from the 2023 disaster on the North Coast of São Paulo, Brazil

Traditional and local communities as key actors to identify climate-related disaster impacts: a citizen science approach in Southeast Brazilian coastal areas

Impact of Urban Expansion on Carbon Emissions in the Urban Agglomerations of Yellow River Basin, China

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