Urban Employment and the Mismatch Dilemma: Accounting for the Immigration Exception

Aponte, Robert

doi:10.2307/3096978

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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Section: Recent Research Suggests That Racial and Poverty Concentratimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When these social mechanisms are highlighted, evidence continues to underscore the importance of personal networks for nding work. For example, in a recent study of the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, Kasinitz and Rosenberg (1996) found that local blue-collar jobs are regularly lled via social networks that exclude nearby, minority residents (see also Aponte 1996;Cohn and Fossett 1996).Survey research on personal networks and job matching could help to illuminate these dynamics and their generalizability across neighborhood contexts, but to date, this researchWe would like to thank Joel Devine, Jim Wright, members of the Tulane Research Group, and anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this research. Direct correspondence to: James Elliott, Department of Sociology, 220 Newcomb Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ghettos and Barrios: The Impact of Neighborhood Poverty and Race on Job Matching among Blacks and Latinos

Elliott¹,

Sims²

2001

Social Problems

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Recent research suggests that racial and poverty concentrations in urban neighborhoods in uence how minorities look for and nd jobs. In this study, we use data from the Multi-City Survey of Urban Inequality to examine this hypothesis, focusing on the use and return to various modes of job matching among blacks and LatA long line of research in the sociology of labor markets established that individuals often acquire jobs through personal contacts rather than through formal channels (see Granovetter 1995 for a recent review). In other words, whom you know shapes your potential for employment and mobility, particularly toward the bottom of urban labor markets (Elliott 2000). Recently this argument has been invoked to understand the deleterious effects of disadvantaged neighborhoods on working-age, minority residents. Wilson (1987Wilson ( , 1996, for example, argued that poor, predominantly black neighborhoods tend to isolate workers from social contacts needed to succeed in today's urban labor markets, serving to reinforce pre-existing inequalities and contribute to the growth of an urban underclass.The recent and widespread appeal of this argument masks the fact that we still know relatively little about the intersection of race, place, and job matching. In part, this de ciency stems from recent preoccupations with "spatial mismatches" of available jobs and inner-city job seekers-preoccupations that downplay the social mechanisms by which individuals actually learn about and acquire employment. When these social mechanisms are highlighted, evidence continues to underscore the importance of personal networks for nding work. For example, in a recent study of the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, Kasinitz and Rosenberg (1996) found that local blue-collar jobs are regularly lled via social networks that exclude nearby, minority residents (see also Aponte 1996;Cohn and Fossett 1996).Survey research on personal networks and job matching could help to illuminate these dynamics and their generalizability across neighborhood contexts, but to date, this researchWe would like to thank Joel Devine, Jim Wright, members of the Tulane Research Group, and anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this research. Direct correspondence to: James Elliott, Department of Sociology, 220 Newcomb Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118. E-mail: jre@tulane.edu. 342ELLIOTT/SIMS has largely ignored the relevance of residential location for shaping both the quantity and quality of available job contacts. Thus, the in uence of neighborhood context on labor market behaviors and outcomes remains poorly documented and ill understood. The purpose of the present study is to help ll this gap by examining the extent to which different neighborhood contexts-de ned by racial and poverty concentration-affect the ways in which blacks and Latinos look for and acquire jobs in major U.S. cities. Our objective is to illuminate not only the social underpinnings of today's urban labor markets, but also how residential segregation shapes ...

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Section: Recent Research Suggests That Racial and Poverty Concentratimentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghettos and Barrios: The Impact of Neighborhood Poverty and Race on Job Matching among Blacks and Latinos

Elliott¹,

Sims²

2001

Social Problems

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“…Only a few studies have examined Hispanic or immigrant populations (e.g. Ihlanfeldt 1993, Aponte 1996, Preston et al 1998, Pastor and Marcelli 2000, Parks 2004aand 2004bPainter, Liu and Zhuang, 2007;Liu, 2009). Some of these studies find that skills' mismatch between immigrants and the needs of their proximate employers are more important than space, while others find residential location is related to the labor market outcomes of immigrants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Residence in an Ethnic Community Help Immigrants in a Recession?

2013

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Research on how the residential segregation of immigrant populations has impacted their labor market outcomes presents many challenges because of the fact that immigrants often choose to locate near co-ethnics to share resources and cultural amenities. Because not all immigrants choose to live in these ethnic communities, identification of a causal effect on living in an ethnic community is problematic. The estimation of the effect of living in these ethnic communities is also difficult because it is ambiguous whether such residence will help or harm the labor market outcomes of immigrants. This study implements a number of approaches to help identify a causal effect, including using sample of adults whose residential location is plausibly exogenous with respect to their labor market outcomes and using the current recession as a source of exogenous variation. Results suggest that residence in an ethnic community after the recession increases the likelihood of working, albeit with longer commutes.

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“…Increasingly answers to the distribution question focus on the salience of social networks for finding employment (Aponte, 1996;Cohn and Fossett, 1996;Elliott, 1999Elliott, , 2000Kasinitz and Rosenberg, 1996;Sassen, 1995;Waldinger, 1997). Instead of emphasizing well-documented declines in blue-collar jobs, a social network approach highlights the functions that personal contacts play in the labor market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Referral Hiring and Ethnically Homogeneous Jobs: How Prevalent Is the Connection and for Whom?

Elliott

2001

Social Science Research

119

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Urban Employment and the Mismatch Dilemma: Accounting for the Immigration Exception

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Ghettos and Barrios: The Impact of Neighborhood Poverty and Race on Job Matching among Blacks and Latinos

Ghettos and Barrios: The Impact of Neighborhood Poverty and Race on Job Matching among Blacks and Latinos

Does Residence in an Ethnic Community Help Immigrants in a Recession?

Referral Hiring and Ethnically Homogeneous Jobs: How Prevalent Is the Connection and for Whom?

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