Urban development and informal drainage patterns: Gully dynamics in Southwestern Nigeria

Adediji, A.; Jeje, L.K.; Ibitoye, Matthew Olomolatan

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.01.012

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Gully erosion has been recently reported as an emerging hazard connected with the rapid development of medium to large towns in different countries of Brazil and sub‐Saharan Africa. Examples of accelerated soil erosion by urban growth in south‐western Nigeria were reported by Odemerho and Sada () and Jeje () and lately described and quantified in greater detail (Adediji & Fashae, ; Adediji, Jeje, & Ibitoye, ; Nwankwor, Udoka, Egboka, & Opara, ). Makanzu Imwangana et al (, ) documented the extensive occurrence of mega‐gullies in the high town of Kinshasa, Congo DR, causing extensive damage to urban infrastructure and propagating water and sediment problems farther downstream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Analogous phenomena have been observed in expanding urban areas of Brazil (Junior et al, ). Although the physical processes leading to gully initiation and evolution do not essentially differ between urban and rural areas, the controls on urban gully development are closely related to man‐made alteration of the natural drainage network associated with roads construction (Adediji et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban gully erosion in sub‐Saharan Africa: A case study from Uganda

et al. 2017

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The study examined gully erosion in Koboko, North‐western Uganda, initially a war refugee camp, which progressively turned into a permanent rural town. A repeatable, low‐cost methodology to quantify gully properties in data‐scarce, resource‐limited urban contexts is developed, which integrates collection of existing hydrological, land use data, topographic surveys, hydrological and hydraulic modelling, and interviews to local inhabitants and stakeholders. Four main gullies have developed in the last 10–15 years along the eastern, hillside of Koboko, with width‐to‐depth ratios not exceeding 3 and maximum scour depths of 9 m. Their length ranges between 270 and 460 m in the most densely populated area and is mostly unstable, especially for slopes exceeding 3%. Causes of the gullies include urban road development, changes in urban land cover to impervious surfaces, and inadequate planning of the urban drainage system. The gullies hamper the safety of people and buildings and increase health risks in an already vulnerable community. Slope–area and slope–road length thresholds suggest Koboko to be less susceptible to gullies compared to other reported urban contexts and support the anthropogenic origin of the observed gullies. The analysis allowed to design mitigation measures that still self‐sustain after 3 years of implementation. Results upscaled at country level can be used to predict which other urban centres in Uganda may be susceptible to gullying. Gullying in rapidly developing urban areas in sub‐Saharan Africa clearly show the co‐evolution of a social and a geomorphic system, which should be accounted for in urban planning to avoid adverse societal effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban gully erosion in sub‐Saharan Africa: A case study from Uganda

et al. 2017

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“…This stems from the erosional influence of increased flow concentration caused by urban occupation. This has been recently shown in SW-Nigeria (Adediji et al, 2013) and in China (Sun and Wang, 2013). In many instances, researchers have focused on the role of paved as well as earth roads in producing and concentrating runoff and hence in reorganizing the natural drainage in Europe (Boardman, 2013;Waldykowski and Krzemien, 2013), in SE-Australia (Munoz-Robles et al, 2010), in northern Israel (Svoray and Markovitch, 2009) and in Kenya (Jungerius et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Role Of Urbanization and Road Construction On Gully Devementioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and control of mega-gullies in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo)

Imwangana

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et al. 2015

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This study aims to investigate the relation between mega-gully (N5 m width) distribution and urbanization in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo), to establish what governs mega-gully location and plan form and to illustrate the concepts behind mega-gully treatment. For this purpose, the diachronic distribution of mega-gullies has been mapped in Kinshasa. All mega-gullies have been reported in ArcGis 9.3 on the orthorectified SPOT 2007 image. A newly elaborated DEM enables the mega-gullies to be placed in their natural topographical context. The GIS inventory on the SPOT 2006/2007 anaglyph indicates the mega-gully situation in the high town of Kinshasa 5 years ago: 308 mega-gullies with a cumulated length of 94.7 km, a mean drainage density of 0.4 km km −2 and an average width and depth of 17 m and 6 m respectively. On the WorldView 1 (WV1) coverage, the number of mega-gullies has more than doubled between 2007 and 2010 from 160 to 334. The study shows that mega-gullies only develop within the urbanized perimeter of the high town of Kinshasa and only 5 to 10 years after incipient urbanization. The study also indicates that neither the location, the plan form or the downslope course of mega-gullies in Kinshasa are controlled by the natural topography. Forty-three point eight percent of the mega-gullies in Kinshasa are 'axial', occupying urban structures which function as artificial runoff drainage lines: roads, tarred or not, with or without side-road trenches, gutters in all forms and materials from concrete to sand, also foot paths and further all artificial runoff drainage lines. The study reveals that every mega-gully is directly or indirectly induced by human activities, but that every gully also finally ends to grow after an initial phase of sudden development. Mega-gully treatment follows two principles, often combined. The first is to stop the alimentation of the mega-gully head with water. The second includes a complete stabilization of the channel and walls inside the mega-gully. This study emphasizes that gully prevention can basically be achieved by control of the runoff discharges in the artificial stream network, as well as beside the roads.

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“…Within a specific area, the length of the rill, ephemeral gully or permanent gully usually tends to be concentrated within a certain range Kostaschuk, 1995, 1997;Zhang et al, 2007;Hobbs et al, 2013) and to follow a certain statistical distribution (Cheng et al, 2007); however, there may be great differences in length among different areas (Adediji et al, 2013). The gully length is easily interpreted with aerial photos or satellite photos, and it is thus usually used as the best parameter for estimating erosion volume (Nachtergaele and Poesen, 1999;Nachtergaele et al, 2001;Capra et al, 2005;Cheng et al, 2006;Bouchnak et al, 2009;Capra et al, 2009;El Maaoui et al, 2012;Frankl et al, 2013;Hobbs et al, 2013), and becomes an important index for understanding and evaluating the severity of erosion of the rill or gully (Casalı́ et al, 1999;Nachtergaele et al, 2001;Cheng et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 98%

Planar morphology and controlling factors of the gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley based on field investigation

et al. 2015

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The plane form of a gully can provide a basis for evaluating the gully volume and erosion rate, acting process, and evolutionary stage. For describing the planar characteristics of a permanent gully and understanding their controlling factors, this study, utilizing a total station and GPS RTK, measured the shoulder lines and channel curves of 112 gullies in six sites of the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley and then mapped them by ArcGIS software and calculated nine parameters. The results showed that the channel lengths range from 10.88 to 249.11 m; the widths range from 6.20 to 40.99 m; the perimeters range from 54.11 to 541.67 m; the gully areas range from 153.02 to 6,930.30 m 2 ; the left-side areas range from 92.93 to 4,027.20 m 2 ; and the right-side areas range from 63.65 to 3,539.77 m 2 . The slightly sinuous and straight gullies account for 73.21% of the total gullies; the quantity of the right skewed gullies is 8.93% greater than that of the left skewed ones based on the symmetry ratio; the shape ratios range from 1.12 to 1.40 and the morphology ratios from 0.038 to 1.294; the fractal dimension is 1.192. Gullies in different sites have diverse planar characteristics. Except for the symmetry index, which was close to a negatively skewed distribution, all of the other parameters had the characteristic of positively skewed distribution. The gully area is related to the length and width, but the gully length has a weak correlation with the width. The evolutionary stage, topographic conditions, strata, soil properties, and piping erosion played very important roles in the gully planar morphology. This study could provide useful information for controlling gully erosion and safeguarding human habitation and engineering buildings.

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Urban development and informal drainage patterns: Gully dynamics in Southwestern Nigeria

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Urban gully erosion in sub‐Saharan Africa: A case study from Uganda

Urban gully erosion in sub‐Saharan Africa: A case study from Uganda

The origin and control of mega-gullies in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo)

Planar morphology and controlling factors of the gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley based on field investigation

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