The question leading this research is: what are the attributes and scales of comparative research that applies to built heritage studies? The paper begins by recognizing the interrelatedness of built heritage protection and sustainable urban development. While comparative research into built heritage studies analyses and documents existing practices, policies and impacts, its generalizable capacities are often lacking and therefore less applicable to policy-makers. In an attempt to further the potential contribution of such studies, the paper maps comparative built heritage research based on a critical review of over 100 articles and books. The analysis of these sources relies on an evaluative categorization of comparative built heritage studies. This categorization consists of four criteria: the number of compared cases, their geographic location, the scope of comparison and its degree of structuredness. The findings suggest that heritage studies compare a relatively small number of cases; they are quite structured; focus on local as well as national-level analysis; and lean towards Western-centered comparisons. The paper concludes by suggesting that built heritage studies can contribute to sustainable urban development policies by taking on comparative research that has a large enough N, expanding non-Eurocentric and Anglo-American research, comparing local jurisdictions in more than one country and by utilizing highly structured categories for comparison.Sustainability 2019, 11, 677 2 of 27 and sustainable use of architectural monuments and sites, with the intention of value creation, through respectful restoration and adaptation. We will engage indigenous peoples and local communities in the promotion and dissemination of knowledge of tangible and intangible cultural heritage and protection of traditional expressions and languages, including through the use of new technologies and techniques [4] (p. 22, Article 125).While linking and integrating the goals of sustainable urban development and heritage protection is highly desirable, this idea did not go unchallenged. To note just a few discrepancies-on the one hand, heritage protection is seen as a catalyst for economic development by reinforcing commerce, tourism and employment, along with increased land values; on the other hand, alteration of existing buildings and monuments may increase land values and local economic viability. With regards to socio-cultural aspects, on the one hand, heritage protection policies support local cultural identities, genius loci and civic memories, thus contributing to community-building, social cohesion, and intergenerational binding; on the other hand, it may also cherish unwarranted historical narratives, undesired social values and generally advance cultural homogeneity at the expense of changing cultural trends, thereby suppressing competing cultures. In environmental terms, it is common wisdom that the most environmentally benign building is the one that need not be built because it already exists, and thus, reduces cons...