Urban Climate Governance in the Philippines, Mexico and South Africa: National- and State-Level Laws and Policies

Equity, Environmental Justice, and Urban Climate Change

“…City and municipal governments need support from multi-level governance frameworks through which provincial and national governments enable and support city and municipal action (Corfee-Morlot et al, 2009;Revi et al, 2014) (see Chapter 16, Governance and Policy). Some national governments have developed new laws, funds, and regulatory frameworks to channel such support; many of these are focused on disaster risk reduction (Hardoy and Pandiella, 2009;IFRC, 2010;Carcellar et al, 2011;Kehew et al, 2012) and on increasing the resilience of the most vulnerable groups. However, in some countries, current policies, especially at the federal level, have major negative consequences for low-income and ethnic communities.…”