Urban cities and road traffic noise: Reduction through vegetation

Ow, Lai Fern; Ghosh, Subhadip

doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.01.007

Cited by 149 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A mosaic approach, whereby different parts or sections of road verge are managed differently or at different times, may also provide multiple habitat requirements for ES-providing animal species or provide a greater range of ES Size: Increasing the width of farmland grass strips from 2 to 5 m increases their ability to intercept soil sediment from 55% to 84%, nitrogen from 29% to 58% and phosphorus from 23% to 48% (reviewed in Van Vooren et al, 2017). Spatial arrangement: Air filtration: affected by proximity of vegetation to the pollution source and other factors; poor design can reduce air quality, for example, trees in street canyons reduce air flow and concentrate pollutants (reviewed in Abhijith et al, 2017;Baldauf, 2017;Janhäll, 2015) Noise reduction: affected by tree density (Ow & Ghosh, 2017) Pollinators: benefit from mosaic management (e.g. Noordijk et al, 2009) and prioritizing habitats a few meters back from the road edge Temperature regulation: affected by vegetation type and configuration (Sodoudi, Zhang, Chi, Müller, & Li, 2018) Water filtration: affected by swale design characteristics (Fardel et al, 2019)…”

Section: Future Developments In Connectivity Provided By Vergesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem service provision by road verges

Phillips

Bullock

Osborne

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Roads form a vast, rapidly growing global network that has diverse, detrimental ecological impacts. However, the habitats that border roads (‘road verges’) form a parallel network that might help mitigate these impacts and provide additional benefits (ecosystem services; ES). We evaluate the capacity of road verges to provide ES by reviewing existing research and considering their relevant characteristics: area, connectivity, shape, and contextual ES supply and demand. We consider the present situation, and how this is likely to change based on future projections for growth in road extent, traffic densities and urban populations. Road verges not only provide a wide range of ES, including biodiversity provision, regulating services (e.g. air and water filtration) and cultural services (e.g. health and aesthetic benefits by providing access to nature) but also displace other habitats and provide ecosystem disservices (e.g. plant allergens and damage to infrastructure). Globally, road verges may currently cover 270,000 km2 and store 0.015 Gt C/year, which will further increase with 70% projected growth in the global road network. Road verges are well placed to mitigate traffic pollution and address demand for ES in surrounding ES‐impoverished landscapes, thereby improving human health and well‐being in urban areas, and improving agricultural production and sustainability in farmland. Demand for ES provided by road verges will likely increase due to projected growth in traffic densities and urban populations, though traffic pollution will be reduced by technological advances (e.g. electric vehicles). Road verges form a highly connected network, which may enhance ES provision but facilitate the dispersal of invasive species and increase vehicle–wildlife collisions. Synthesis and applications. Road verges offer a significant opportunity to mitigate the negative ecological effects of roads and to address demand for ecosystem services (ES) in urban and agricultural landscapes. Their capacity to provide ES might be enhanced considerably if they were strategically designed and managed for environmental outcomes, namely by optimizing the selection, position and management of plant species and habitats. Specific opportunities include reducing mowing frequencies and planting trees in large verges. Road verge management for ES must consider safety guidelines, financial costs and ecosystem disservices, but is likely to provide long‐term financial returns if environmental benefits are considered.

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Section: Future Developments In Connectivity Provided By Vergesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem service provision by road verges

Phillips

Bullock

Osborne

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Various scholars have suggested a value slightly higher than this. A value of 5 meters is given as an ideal value for mitigating noise pollution [10]. Recording higher values 100 dBA at 3-meter distance, as compared to other studies related urban traffic noise is attributed to location of test environment, it was done close to a busy national highway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Trees in Metropolitan Residential Complex

Mamtani¹

2018

IJRASET

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The motive of this study is in what manner to use passive systems to reduce energy loads in suburban buildings and to provide planners with figures about the effects of trees in near urban environs on energy savings. In order to achieve this goal, sub goals were established, primarily these are-to reduce the energy demand; to get benefit from trees-shade in achieving comfort in buildings; contribution to carbon sequestration. Biodiversity specifically trees in this study were evaluated with their counterparts for their role in temperature maintenance, indoor air purification, reduction in noise pollution and related greenhouse gas emissions. A 3℃ difference at least inside the home was observed when tree shade was present. Energy and related carbon dioxide emissions were found to be 1.3 KWH and 1.8 kg for a 1.5 tonnage air conditioner set at 25℃ for duration of one hour respectively. Carbon dioxide emissions for air purifier were 0.36 kg for one-day cycle. Noise mitigation was slightly more when tree acted as barrier with maximum value 14%. To assess the psychological effects of tree a survey was conducted resulting in 90% sample population agreeing to it and more than 60% assenting to have spare space to accommodate trees in their residences.

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“…Considering a selection of large North American cities,~20% of urban areas are covered by urban trees, and these areas may include urban parks, the regions along streets or residential areas [66]. The advantages of urban trees are indisputable: they reduce the urban heat island effect, reduce stormwater runoff and reduce flood effects; additionally, urban trees filter air pollution, limit the noise level and offer recreational sites for city inhabitants [67][68][69][70]. In Northern Europe, birch trees account for~10% of trees inventoried within city streets and parks.…”

Section: Birch Trees In Different Land-use Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar-Derived Tree Crown Parameters: Are They New Variables Explaining Local Birch (Betula sp.) Pollen Concentrations?

Bogawski

Grewling

Dziób

et al. 2019

Forests

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Birch trees are abundant in central and northern Europe and are dominant trees in broadleaved forests. Birches are pioneer trees that produce large quantities of allergenic pollen efficiently dispersed by wind. The pollen load level depends on the sizes and locations of pollen sources, which are important for pollen forecasting models; however, very limited work has been done on this topic in comparison to research on anthropogenic air pollutants. Therefore, we used highly accurate aerial laser scanning (Light Detection and Ranging—LiDAR) data to estimate the size and location of birch pollen sources in 3-dimensional space and to determine their influence on the pollen concentration in Poznań, Poland. LiDAR data were acquired in May 2012. LiDAR point clouds were clipped to birch individuals (mapped in 2012–2014 and in 2019), normalised, filtered, and individual tree crowns higher than 5 m were delineated. Then, the crown surface and volume were calculated and aggregated according to wind direction up to 2 km from the pollen trap. Consistent with LIDAR data, hourly airborne pollen measurements (performed using a Hirst-type, 7-day volumetric trap), wind speed and direction data were obtained in April 2012. We delineated 18,740 birch trees, with an average density of 14.9/0.01 km2, in the study area. The total birch crown surface in the 500–1500 m buffer from the pollen trap was significantly correlated with the pollen concentration aggregated by the wind direction (r = 0.728, p = 0.04). The individual tree crown delineation performed well (r2 ≥ 0.89), but overestimations were observed at high birch densities (> 30 trees/plot). We showed that trees outside forests substantially contribute to the total pollen pool. We suggest that including the vertical dimension and the trees outside the forest in pollen source maps have the potential to improve the quality of pollen forecasting models.

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Urban cities and road traffic noise: Reduction through vegetation

Cited by 149 publications

References 31 publications

Ecosystem service provision by road verges

Ecosystem service provision by road verges

Effects of Trees in Metropolitan Residential Complex

Lidar-Derived Tree Crown Parameters: Are They New Variables Explaining Local Birch (Betula sp.) Pollen Concentrations?

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