Urban centers and networks of co-invention in American biotechnology

hUallacháin, Breandán Ó; Lee, Der-Shiuan

doi:10.1007/s00168-014-0610-8

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…I specify the geography of biotechnology co-patenting by attributing each co-patent to the locations where the inventors reside. A co-patent with multiple inventors living in different cities is fractionally allocated, which is consistent with Maggioni et al [7], Ó hUallacháin and Lee [24], Lee [25], Ejermo and Karlsson [97]. If a co-patent was invented by three inventors residing in different cities, one-third of the co-patent is allotted to each city.…”

Section: Patent Data and Geographical Units Of Analysissupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Cassi and Morrison [81] viewed co-patenting as being built on formal and bilateral relationships between inventors [24,82]. This article applies social networks to build the framework of inter-city networks of co-invention.…”

Section: Framework Of Inter-city Network Of Co-inventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I follow Ó hUallacháin and Lee [24] and Lee [25] by distinguishing four possible patterns in a LISA cluster map, either network or spatial, along with non-significant areas.…”

Section: Network and Spatial Dependencies At Local-levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the wide variation in geographical spacing and the 'island' characteristic, this article uses the number of nearest neighbors (also known as an area's k value) as the most appropriate choice to identify neighboring structures in the contiguous U.S. cities [24,25,90]. Numbers of cities ranging from three to 20 are considered to determine the appropriate number of nearest cities.…”

Section: Network and Spatial Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I follow Ó hUallacháin and Lee [24], Lee [25], Hall et al [91], Cortright and Mayer [92], and Hevesi and Bleiwas [93] by selecting the 3-digit classes (424, 435, 514, and 800) into the sub-category of biotechnology. Class 435 covers chemical groupings and includes molecular biology and microbiology inventions.…”

Section: Patent Data and Geographical Units Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Urban Resilience through Inter-City Networks of Co-Invention: A Case Study of U.S. Cities

Lee

2018

Sustainability

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Knowledge creation involves social and collaborative processes with local and extra-local partners. The space of knowledge flows functions as a system of networks where knowledge is transmitted around different alignments of agents in distant places. Scholars argue that the concept of urban resilience combines local and extra-local competencies to develop an inter-city system, this is a major strategy for cities to mitigate and adapt to climate change and economic recession. Little attention has been given to the role of networks in co-invention and few empirical studies have been conducted. This article provides insights into the structure of inter-city networks of co-invention by examining the relative importance of the network compared with spatial proximity in biotechnology co-patenting across 150 American cities from 1983 to 2013. Results show that the U.S. inter-city structure gradually becomes more explicit, apparent, and identifiable in the network-based system. Network proximity better defines the biotechnology co-patenting relationships among the U.S. cities compared with spatial proximity. The current inter-city networks of co-invention are mostly regional, with some national but few local ties. This structure provides a way to develop mitigation and adaptation policies for climate disasters or economic recessions.

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Section: Patent Data and Geographical Units Of Analysissupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Framework Of Inter-city Network Of Co-inventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I follow Ó hUallacháin and Lee [24] and Lee [25] by distinguishing four possible patterns in a LISA cluster map, either network or spatial, along with non-significant areas.…”

Section: Network and Spatial Dependencies At Local-levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Network and Spatial Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patent Data and Geographical Units Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Urban Resilience through Inter-City Networks of Co-Invention: A Case Study of U.S. Cities

Lee

2018

Sustainability

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The structural characteristics and driving mechanism of collaborative innovation network for saline–alkali land development in China

Yanmei,

Yusheng,

Zhaofa

et al. 2023

Land Degrad Dev

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It is challenging for a single development subject to complete complex scientific research tasks due to the peculiarities of saline–alkali land. Collaborative innovation and cooperation can help break through the common critical technology R&D problems in the development process by sharing information, technology, knowledge, and resources. However, the process of saline–alkali land development in China is slow and the transformation rate of research results is low. Few articles analyze the current situation and driving mechanism of the collaborative innovation network for saline–alkali land development from the perspective of the innovation chain. This paper first constructs an undirected weighted collaborative innovation network from the upstream, midstream, and downstream levels of technological innovation for saline–alkali land development, analyzing the network's structural characteristics and spatial distribution features. Then uses ERGM to explore the internal and external driving mechanism for network formation from network self‐organization, subject characteristics, and exogenous environmental factors. The results demonstrate that the distribution of the collaborative innovation network is relatively uniform. However, there are also clusters, and the clusters are mostly centered on universities and scientific research institutions. Both the development subjects and clusters present regional features. Centrality and transitivity are crucial to the internal driving mechanism. In the external driving mechanism, the Matthew effect is modest, and the homogeneity effect is considerable; Organizational and technical proximity play a positive role; Geographical and institutional proximity play a blocking role. This study also provides practical enlightenment for encouraging horizontal and vertical collaborative innovation of sustainable development of saline–alkali land.

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Research on Evolutionary Distribution and Characteristics of Patent Cooperation Network in Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration

Zhang,

Wang,

2024

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Urban centers and networks of co-invention in American biotechnology

Cited by 25 publications

References 62 publications

Towards Urban Resilience through Inter-City Networks of Co-Invention: A Case Study of U.S. Cities

Towards Urban Resilience through Inter-City Networks of Co-Invention: A Case Study of U.S. Cities

The structural characteristics and driving mechanism of collaborative innovation network for saline–alkali land development in China

Research on Evolutionary Distribution and Characteristics of Patent Cooperation Network in Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration

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