Urban bus emission trends in the Krakow metropolitan area (Poland) from 2010 to 2015

Bogacki, Marek; Bździuch, Paulina

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2018.11.003

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In Krakow (Poland), despite the doubling of the fleet size, PM 10 and PM 2.5 particles decreased by 39% and 35%, respectively, from 2010 to 2015. This was due to the replacement of Euro VI engines for Euro IV engines which reduced the emission of these particles [ 17 ]. In Greece, declining trends of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were reported as 58% and 52%, respectively, from May 2008 to April 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular updates in the fleet (introduction of vehicles with more efficient engines) as well as the economic crisis that began in 2008 and led to the shutdown of many industries producing PM 2.5 were identified as the main reasons for the observed falling trends of PM 2.5 and the annual concentration of PM 10 particles during the period 2002-2015 in Italy [16]. In Krakow (Poland), despite the doubling of the fleet size, PM 10 and PM 2.5 particles decreased by 39% and 35%, respectively, from 2010 to 2015. is was due to the replacement of Euro VI engines for Euro IV engines which reduced the emission of these particles [17]. In Greece, declining trends of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were reported as 58% and 52%, respectively, from May 2008 to April 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Trends of the Annual Exposure to PM2.5 Particles in European Countries

2021

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Background. PM2.5 emission is known as a major challenge to environmental health and is the cause of approximately 7 million deaths annually. This study aimed at investigating the main patterns of PM2.5 trend changes among European countries. Methods. The annual exposure to PM2.5 pollutants was retrieved from the World Bank for 41 countries during 2010 to 2017, and a latent growth model was applied to identify the main patterns using Mplus 7.4 software. Results. Monitoring the overall mean annual exposure to PM2.5 in the Europe showed a downward pattern with an annual decrease of 2.48% during the study period. Turkey had the highest PM2.5 exposure with 43.82 μg/m3 in 2010, reaching 44.31 μg/m3 in 2017. Likewise, with 7.19 μg/m3 in 2010, Finland had the lowest exposure level which decreased to 5.86 μg/m3 in 2017. Two main patterns for the mean annual PM2.5 exposure were identified via the latent growth model. Countries in the first pattern, including Turkey and Ukraine, had experienced a slow annual increase in the mean exposure of PM2.5 pollutant. Likewise, the other 39 countries belonged to the second pattern with a moderate falling trend in the mean exposure to PM2.5. Conclusion. Although the trend changes of mean annual exposure to PM2.5 in Europe were falling, Turkey and Ukraine had experienced a slow annual increase. It is advisable to take appropriate measures to curb the current raising exposure to PM2.5 in Turkey and Ukraine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Trends of the Annual Exposure to PM2.5 Particles in European Countries

2021

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“…To control motor used to analyze the uncertainty of emissions estimates by simulating a large number of vehicle emissions data points (Lv et al, 2019). The CORINAIR method was used to estimate the emission reductions brought about by urban bus modernization and to estimate the contributions of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants emitted by city buses in the Krakow region (Bogacki and Bździuch, 2019). Carslaw et al (2019) and Hao et al (2017) summarized the results of remote-sensing measurements of vehicle emissions in the United Kingdom, providing detailed information on NO2 and total NOx (NO2 + NO) emissions and analyses of NOx emissions trends in recent years.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of NOx Emissions of City Buses on Real Road Based on Spatial Autocorrelation

Peng

Wang

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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To understand the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the NOx emissions of urban buses, actual road NOx emissions of the buses in Kunming City were obtained by an onboard monitoring platform. A method combining Bayesians network and probabilistic inference was used to fill in the missing data so as to form a complete data set. NOx emission heat map was generated on the basis of complete data set, and the spatial autocorrelation analysis method was used to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of NOx in the test process. The results showed that Bayesian networks and probabilistic reasoning methods have high accuracy in filling in missing data. The spatial autocorrelation analysis found that the spatial autocorrelation indices for morning, noon, afternoon, and evening were respectively 0.648, 0.836, 0.935, and 0.798. NOx emissions were spatially correlated at all four time periods, and pollution emissions were spatially aggregated. The heat map showed that the highest-concentration times for NOx emissions were noon and afternoon. At each time fraction, highest emissions accumulated at road sections 1-3 and 6-9, and high emission-intensity growth rates were found at road sections 5-9.

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“…The research conducted is part of a larger action aimed at selecting optimal methods to reduce emissions from road transport and further improve air quality in Krakow. Most of the already implemented and planned activities are based on reducing vehicle traffic in the city center by expanding the paid parking zone, optimizing various traffic engineering solutions, strengthening the role of public transport and promoting ecological forms of travel supported by the construction of an integrated metropolitan transport system, a network of ring roads and bicycle paths, P&R (park and ride) car parks, electric vehicle charging stations and electric bike or scooter rental system [47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Subsequent measures will aim to introduce clean transport or lowemission zones in Krakow, of which, various scenarios are already provided in the new air quality plans for the Malopolska Province [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality Improvement in Urban Street Canyons: An Assessment of the Effects of Selected Traffic Management Strategies Using OSPM Model

et al. 2023

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Constantly changing vehicle stock, modification of road infrastructure, and other conditions result in a need to update the knowledge on the effectiveness of individual traffic management strategies, which could form the basis for actions taken by local authorities to improve air quality in crowded city centers, especially in street canyons. The article presents research results that evaluate the theoretical effects of introducing select traffic reorganization scenarios in the example of four street canyons located in Krakow (Poland) that are different in terms of vehicle traffic volume and canyon geometry. These scenarios were based on a reduction in the average traffic speed, road capacity or the admission of cars meeting certain exhaust emission standards. The authors estimated changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2 and total NOx) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) as well as investigated the effect of these changes on air quality in the canyons using the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). Significant effects in terms of improving air quality were identified only in scenarios based on a significant reduction in traffic volume and the elimination of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles with internal combustion engines that did not meet the requirements of the Euro 4, Euro 5 or Euro 6 emission standards. For these scenarios, depending on the variant and canyon analyzed, the emission reduction was achieved at a level of approximately 36–66% for NO, 28–77% for NO2, 35–67% for NOx and 44–78% for both PM10 and PM2.5. The expected effect of improving air quality in individual street canyons for these substances was 15–44%, 5–14%, 11–36% and 3–14%, respectively. The differences obtained in the percentage reduction of emissions and pollutant concentrations in the air were the result of a relatively high background of pollutants that suppress the achieved effect of improving air quality to a large extent.

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Urban bus emission trends in the Krakow metropolitan area (Poland) from 2010 to 2015

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Longitudinal Trends of the Annual Exposure to PM2.5 Particles in European Countries

Longitudinal Trends of the Annual Exposure to PM2.5 Particles in European Countries

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of NOx Emissions of City Buses on Real Road Based on Spatial Autocorrelation

Air Quality Improvement in Urban Street Canyons: An Assessment of the Effects of Selected Traffic Management Strategies Using OSPM Model

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