Urban birds' tolerance towards humans was largely unaffected by COVID-19 shutdown-induced variation in human presence
Peter Mikula,
Martin Bulla,
Daniel T. Blumstein
et al.
Abstract:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and respective shutdowns dramatically altered human activities, potentially changing human pressures on urban-dwelling animals. Here, we use such COVID-19-induced variation in human presence to evaluate, across multiple temporal scales, how urban birds from five countries changed their tolerance towards humans, measured as escape distance. We collected 6369 escape responses for 147 species and found that human numbers in parks at a given hour, day, week or year … Show more
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