Urban and suburban malaria in Rondônia (Brazilian Western Amazon) II: perennial transmissions with high anopheline densities are associated with human environmental changes

Gil, Luiz Herman Soares; Tada, Mauro Shugiro; Katsuragawa, Tony Hiroshi; Ribolla, Paulo Eduardo Martins; Silva, Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762007005000013

Cited by 64 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Short longitudinal studies show that human-landing catches of An. darlingi, which breeds along the edges and in debris of clear, partially sunlit pools, are closely associated with local malaria rates (5,6). These observations establish that biting rates are elevated in regions of elevated malaria risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Links between Climate, Malaria, and Wetlands in the Amazon Basin

Olson¹,

Gangnon²,

Elguero³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Climate changes are altering patterns of temperature and precipitation, potentially affecting regions of malaria transmission. We show that areas of the Amazon Basin with few wetlands show a variable relationship between precipitation and malaria, while areas with extensive wetlands show a negative relationship with malaria incidence. G lobal models of malaria can be used to forecast the impact of climate change on malaria, a highly climatesensitive disease that causes >1 million deaths worldwide each year, mostly in children. However, a limitation of these models is the application of a uniform malaria-precipitation relationship to geographically diverse regions (1-3). Moreover, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment has recognized a lack of knowledge about climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria and has called for a "more systematic inventory, by region and country, of current and likely population health impacts of ecosystem change" (4). Understanding malaria-precipitation relationships at regional levels will enhance predictability of ecosystem or climate change impact on population health.Precipitation and surface hydrology are key factors in determining the abundance of Anopheles mosquito vectors for malaria. Mosquitoes require pools of water to complete their life cycle, and malaria models have estimated changing transmission by setting minimum levels of precipitation below which mosquito populations are (theoretically) suppressed. However, using a uniform hydrologic threshold for malaria does not capture critical characteristics of landscape, soil, and rainfall (i.e., intensity, frequency), all known contributors to the abundance, persistence, and spatial distribution of mosquito habitats.In the Amazon Basin, the predominant malaria vector is Anopheles darlingi. Short longitudinal studies show that human-landing catches of An. darlingi, which breeds along the edges and in debris of clear, partially sunlit pools, are closely associated with local malaria rates (5,6). These observations establish that biting rates are elevated in regions of elevated malaria risk. Likewise, biting rates correlate with abundance of larvae and larval habitats and proximity of humans to larval habitats (7,8).Local observations demonstrate the existence of different seasonal patterns for malaria. In a 3-year study in Roraima, 8 municipalities showed increased risk for malaria during the middle of the dry season or shortly after the wet season (9). Other literature on seasonal patterns is limited to local and short (<3 years) longitudinal studies that lack statistical analysis. Although different seasonal patterns emerge in graphs, the collage of different data sources makes formulating a cohesive picture of these patterns in the Amazon region diffi cult.At the regional level, interannual climatologic cycles provide insight into low-frequency malaria patterns. In Columbia, El Niño events (caused by warming sea surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacifi c) are associated with warmer temperatures, higher dew points, and l...

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mentioning

confidence: 71%

Links between Climate, Malaria, and Wetlands in the Amazon Basin

Olson¹,

Gangnon²,

Elguero³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…De forma peculiar, Cruzeiro do Sul, no período de julho a outubro, quando a estrada que liga esse município à capital Rio Branco (BR-364) encontra-se trafegá-vel, passa a receber um elevado número de pessoas provenientes principalmente da capital e também de Rondônia, estado que concentra em sua capital, Porto Velho, altas incidências da doença, com semelhantes características de malária urbana e periurbana (15). Além disso, a festa religiosa da padroeira da cidade, que acontece em agosto, resulta no aumento do fluxo de pessoas da área rural para a área urbana.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Malária em Cruzeiro do Sul (Amazônia Ocidental brasileira): análise da série histórica de 1998 a 2008

Costa¹,

Almeida²,

Magalhães³

et al. 2010

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Objetivo. Descrever as características epidemiológicas da malária e seus principais determinantes no Município de Cruzeiro do Sul, no Estado do Acre, Brasil, entre 1998 Conclusões. O incentivo a atividades econômicas em áreas periurbanas de transmissão instável de malária, típicas da América Latina, deve ser muito bem planejado. O controle da malária em Cruzeiro do Sul baseou-se em estratégias integradas implementadas simultaneamente pelos governos federal, estadual e municipal, como preconizado pelo Plano Nacional de Controle da Malária. É importante ressaltar a utilidade de um bom sistema de informação como o SIVEP-Malária para estimar a carga de doença e monitorar de forma eficiente o impacto das intervenções.Malária; estudos epidemiológicos; incidência; piscicultura; Brasil. RESUMOAtualmente, a malária é a mais incidente doença parasitária do mundo. Estima-se que o número de casos novos a cada ano chegue a 250 milhões, com 880 mil mortes. Aproximadamente metade da população mundial está exposta à infecção, especialmente pessoas que vivem em países pobres (1).Desde que o governo brasileiro se voltou para a organização dos planos de intervenção sanitária na Amazônia, essa

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“…Our results suggest a possible role for PfCLAG9 antigen in which anti-PfCLAG9 antibodies originated during P. falciparum infection would recognised a vivax parasite target, possibly the PvCLAG7 ortholog. The following elements in favour of this hypothesis may be presented: (i) PfCLAG9 product seems to participate in metabolic remodelling of PRBC like it was demonstrated for PfCLAG3 (Goel et al 2010, Nacer et al 2011, Nguitragool et al 2011) and suggested for PfClag9, (ii) PvCLAG7 by its similarities with PfCLAG9 seems to represent orthologs molecules (Moreno-Perez et al 2011) and CLAG8 and (iii) search of similarities between members of the clag families of P. falciparum and P. vivax indicate that similarities between protein is good candidate for being assessed in cellular, immunological and functional studies aimed at establishing its role during invasion (Cowman et al 2012) While the clinical immunity status in vivax malaria correlates with repetitive infections (Alves et al 2002, Gil et al 2007 we hypothesise that the higher RI antiPfCLAG9 values observed among asymptomatic P. vivax patients (Fig. 2, Table) are originate from a boosting effect by the ortholog PvCLAG7 and eight homologous sequences or, eventually, in mixed infections, directly by PfCLAG9.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This characteristic of the population due to a high density of the Anopheles darlingi vector (Gil et al 2003(Gil et al , 2007. Annual parasite index levels found for residents of these localities were 200-800, in association with the development of natural immunity among long time residents and a prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers in the adult population varying from 15-30% for Plasmodium vivax and 5-10% for P. falciparum (Katsuragawa et al 2009(Katsuragawa et al , 2010.…”

Section: Subjects Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%