Urban and rural temperature trends in proximity to large US cities: 1951–2000

Stone, Brian

doi:10.1002/joc.1555

Cited by 125 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Over long time periods, the urbanization dynamics mostly driven by demographic expansion leads to changes in land uses and land covers that may influence regional climate trends (Houghton et al 2001). Based on observational time series over the second half of the twentieth century, warming effect due to urbanization were already observed at the regional scale in the United States (Stone 2007) and in China (Hua et al 2008;Jones et al 2008). Cities are consequently critical areas in that the warming effects already observed there due to urban heat island could be amplified by the local effects of climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of explicit urban parameterization in regional climate modeling to study climate and city interactions

et al. 2018

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Most climate models do not explicitly model urban areas and at best describe them as rock covers. Nonetheless, the very high resolutions reached now by the regional climate models may justify and require a more realistic parameterization of surface exchanges between urban canopy and atmosphere. To quantify the potential impact of urbanization on the regional climate, and evaluate the benefits of a detailed urban canopy model compared with a simpler approach, a sensitivity study was carried out over France at a 12-km horizontal resolution with the ALADIN-Climate regional model for 1980-2009 time period. Different descriptions of land use and urban modeling were compared, corresponding to an explicit modeling of cities with the urban canopy model TEB, a conventional and simpler approach representing urban areas as rocks, and a vegetated experiment for which cities are replaced by natural covers. A general evaluation of ALADIN-Climate was first done, that showed an overestimation of the incoming solar radiation but satisfying results in terms of precipitation and near-surface temperatures. The sensitivity analysis then highlighted that urban areas had a significant impact on modeled near-surface temperature. A further analysis on a few large French cities indicated that over the 30 years of simulation they all induced a warming effect both at daytime and nighttime with values up to + 1.5 °C for the city of Paris. The urban model also led to a regional warming extending beyond the urban areas boundaries. Finally, the comparison to temperature observations available for Paris area highlighted that the detailed urban canopy model improved the modeling of the urban heat island compared with a simpler approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of explicit urban parameterization in regional climate modeling to study climate and city interactions

et al. 2018

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“…Cities possess a higher warming rate, and some are detected to be warming at twice the rate of the globe during the past 50 years [1]. Known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) [2], the magnitude of the UHI could be up to 12˝C under calm and clear weather conditions [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study employs morphological analysis to achieve two goals: (1) to provide a procedure for characterizing the LST dynamics at the local level; and (2) to propose prototype criteria to evaluate local LST anomalies for planning and mitigation. The dynamics may include how local LST varies daily, monthly and seasonally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphology, Dynamics and Potential Hotspots of Land Surface Temperature at a Local Scale in Urban Areas

2015

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Current characterization of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) remains insufficient to support the effective mitigation and adaptation of increasing temperatures in urban areas. Planning and design strategies are restricted to the investigation of temperature anomalies at a city scale. By focusing on Land Surface Temperature of Wuhan, China, this research examines the temperature variations locally where mitigation and adaptation would be more feasible. It shows how local temperature anomalies can be identified morphologically. Technically, the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite image products are used. They are first considered as noisy observations of the latent temperature patterns. The continuous latent patterns of the temperature are then recovered from these discrete observations by using the non-parametric Multi-Task Gaussian Process Modeling. The Multi-Scale Shape Index is then applied in the area of focus to extract the local morphological features. A triplet of shape, curvedness and temperature is formed as the criteria to extract local heat islands. The behavior of the local heat islands can thus be quantified morphologically. The places with critical deformations are identified as hotpots. The hotspots with certain yearly behavior are further associated with land surface composition to determine effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. This research can assist in the temperature and planning field on two levels: (1) the local land surface temperature patterns are characterized by decomposing the variations into fundamental deformation modes to allow a process-based understanding of the dynamics; and (2) the characterization at local scale conforms to planning and design conventions where mitigation and adaptation strategies are supposed to be more practical. The weaknesses and limitations of the study are addressed in the closing section.

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“…Accurate estimation of the urban influence on the long-term trend is a challenging task, particularly in densely populated, highly developed countries such as Japan, as it is difficult to find stations that are not influenced by urbanisation. Several USbased studies (i.e., Peterson, 2003;Peterson and Owen, 2005;Parker, 2006;Stone, 2007) found only a small urban bias in their analysis, but significant urban bias (∼0.11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Centennial scale warming over Japan: are the rural stations really rural?

Das

Hargreaves

Emori

2011

Atmosph. Sci. Lett.

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In this study, we used two novel methods to estimate urban contamination in the Japanese temperature record of the last century. First, we tested different criteria for choosing the rural stations, and found little sensitivity to the method, though the presence of a decreasing local population trend appeared to be a useful indicator. Second, we investigated the relationship between the regional sea surface temperature (SST) and surface air temperature over land, and found a very strong relationship across the coupled model intercomparison project phase 3 multi-model ensemble. Applying this relationship to observational SST data indicates little or no contamination of the trends from the stations identified as rural.

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Urban and rural temperature trends in proximity to large US cities: 1951–2000

Cited by 125 publications

References 13 publications

Benefits of explicit urban parameterization in regional climate modeling to study climate and city interactions

Benefits of explicit urban parameterization in regional climate modeling to study climate and city interactions

The Morphology, Dynamics and Potential Hotspots of Land Surface Temperature at a Local Scale in Urban Areas

Centennial scale warming over Japan: are the rural stations really rural?

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