Urban and rural comparison of vitamin D status in Pakistani pregnant women and neonates

Anwar, Shaheena; Iqbal, Mohammad Perwaiz; Azam, Iqbal; Habib, Atif; Bhutta, Shereen; Soofi, Sajid Bashir; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A

doi:10.3109/01443615.2015.1050647

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In our study, we found a vast majority of pregnant women (96.3%) were de cient in vitamin D at enrolment. The prevalence of vitamin D de ciency observed is alarming and the ndings in our study are similar to other studies conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, which reported de ciency in over 90% females (Anwar et al, 2016;A. Khan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The most recent National Nutrition Survey (NNS) 2018 reported a prevalence of vitamin D de ciency in 79.7% Women of Reproductive Age (WRA), which has increased by 11-13% since the previous NNS (2011) (Government of Pakistan, 2013; Government of Pakistan & UNICEF, 2019). Another cross-sectional study in our department found that 99.5% of women and 97.3% of their neonates were vitamin D de cient in Karachi (Anwar et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy- A Double Blinded Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Comparison, Trial in Pakistan

Nausheen¹,

Shaikh²,

Habib³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a public health problem in Pakistan, and prevalent among most women of reproductive age in the country. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is suggested to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and prevent vitamin D deficiency in both the mother and her newborn. However, there remains uncertainty surrounding the appropriate and safe dose for vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women who experience deficiency. We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, controlled, dose-comparison trial aimed to evaluate the relationship between different doses of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes among women in a maternity hospital of the Aga Khan University (AKU) in Karachi, Pakistan. Pregnant women (n=350) in their first trimester were recruited and randomized to three treatment groups of vitamin D supplementation: 4,000 IU/day (Group A; n=120), 2,000 IU/day (Group B; n=115), or 400 IU/day (Group C – control; n=115). Deficiency in serum vitamin D (serum 25OHD <20ng/mL) at baseline was prevalent in more than 95% of women in each group. Participants in group A had the lowest vitamin D deficiency at endline and in newborns (endline: 75.9%; neonatal: 64.9%), followed by group B (endline: 84.9%; neonatal: 73.7%) and then the control group (endline: 90.2%; neonatal: 91.8%). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower in group A than group C (p=0.006) for women at endline, and lower in both group A and group B than the control group (p=0.001) in neonates. There were no adverse events attributable to vitamin D supplementation in all groups. Our study concluded that vitamin D supplementation with 4000 IU/day is safe and effective in reducing the risk of maternal and neonatal vitamin D deficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy- A Double Blinded Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Comparison, Trial in Pakistan

Nausheen¹,

Shaikh²,

Habib³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Despite ample sunlight in Pakistan, the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is reported, [21][22][23][24][25] not only in pregnant women but also in general population of various age groups. In Asian countries, sun exposure is supposed to be a major natural mode of vitamin D. Several studies revealed that avoiding sun exposure and lower consumption of vit D in diet considered to be key reasons to vitamin D deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Of Vitamin D Among Pakistani Pregnant Women

Nasir¹,

Imran²,

Zaidi³

2018

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak

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Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging health concern around the world, highly prevalent in south Asian population, despite abundant sunlight. In Pakistan, all age groups are vulnerable to Vitamin D deficiency including pregnant women. This systematic review aimed to determine the pattern of Vitamin D deficiency among Pakistani pregnant women as well as exploring the causes and possible interventions that have had a substantial effect on improving the vitamin D level. Three databases (PubMed, Pub Get and Google Scholar), for the present review up to 2016, were used for the identification of published peer reviewed original relevant studies regarding Vitamin D deficiency among Pakistani pregnant women with the keywords Vitamin D or 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D in combination with pregnant women. Five studies were included for the final analysis. Vitamin D deficiency was common and highly prevalent among Pakistani pregnant women and their neonates. The main reasons for this were found to be avoiding sun exposure, quality of diet, and lower intake of calcium. Maternal vitamin D supplementation was found to be a key intervention to improve the maternal and neonatal vitamin D status. These review findings can be emerging in ensuring the adequate vitamin D level for Pakistani pregnant women during pregnancy, ultimately to achieve positive maternal and neonate's health outcomes.

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“…They attributed lack of sun exposure, malnutrition, and various antenatal factors as important causes for vitamin D deficiency. Similarly, Anwar et al [15] found that 99.5% of women and 97.3% of neonates from urban population sample and 89% of women and 82% of neonates from rural population sample had below 50 nmol/l levels of vitamin D. Jamal et al [16] and Qamar et al [17] have also found insufficient/deficient vitamin D levels in more than 90% children included in their studies. A study done in our laboratory including 5-to 11-yearold children with intellectual disability also showed extremely low levels of vitamin D (12.08 ± 9.06 ng/ml) in 85% of study sample.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Vitamin D Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 89%

Non-Bone Effects of Vitamin D in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Cheema¹,

Lone²

2017

A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Basic Overview

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Vitamin D, also known as "sunshine vitamin", has long been established as an essential component for the maintenance of adequate bone health. Large number of studies are available which demonstrate the various biochemical pathways of vitamin D in bone physiology and its important role in musculoskeletal health. In last five decades, data regarding the non-bone effects of vitamin D have started to emerge, and now many important non-bone physiological processes are explained by the biochemical pathways and functions of vitamin D. However, majority of the data regarding extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D are available regarding adult population. In this chapter, we try to focus on the role of vitamin D in aging and various diseases which are frequently seen in children, adolescents, and young adults such as cancer, type 1 diabetes mellitus, allergies, asthma, and various autoimmune diseases.

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Urban and rural comparison of vitamin D status in Pakistani pregnant women and neonates

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy- A Double Blinded Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Comparison, Trial in Pakistan

Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy- A Double Blinded Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Comparison, Trial in Pakistan

Pattern Of Vitamin D Among Pakistani Pregnant Women

Non-Bone Effects of Vitamin D in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

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