Urban Air Pollution in Iran

Hosseini, Vahid; Shahbazi, Hossein

doi:10.1080/00210862.2016.1241587

Cited by 100 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Observed seasonal and monthly patterns for PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 and CO can be attributed to a combination of unfavorable meteorological conditions, including stagnant weather, reduced horizontal and vertical WS, higher nebulosity, reduced sunshine time, lower SR, temperature inversion and lower the boundary layer during the coldest seasons and months compared to summer and spring months ( Figure S2) [28][29][30][31] . In relation to PM 10 , exactly similar to Ahvaz city, Middle East dust storm was responsible for the peak concentration of PM 10 during summer in Tehran 11,[32][33][34][35] . High concentrations of PM 10 during fall and winter months are more likely due to the aforementioned reasons for PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 and CO concentrations.…”

Section: Seasonal and Monthly Patterns Of Ambient Air Pollutants To mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Also, energy conversion (e.g. power plants and oil refineries) is responsible for 25% of NO X and 20% of particulate matter emissions 11 . Approximately 23% of NO X originated from the household and commercial sectors 11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…power plants and oil refineries) is responsible for 25% of NO X and 20% of particulate matter emissions 11 . Approximately 23% of NO X originated from the household and commercial sectors 11 . Furthermore, SO 2 is the only ambient air pollutant dominated by emissions from industrial activities (about 22%), power plants and oil refineries (68%), while the rest of SO 2 emissions comes from mobile sources 10 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017

Yousefian

Faridi

Azimi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

115

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We investigated temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and the influences of meteorological parameters on their concentrations using a robust method; convergent cross mapping; in Tehran (2012-2017). Tehran citizens were consistently exposed to annual PM 2.5 , PM 10 and no 2 approximately 3.0-4.5, 3.5-4.5 and 1.5-2.5 times higher than the World Health Organization air quality guideline levels during the period. Except for O 3 , all air pollutants demonstrated the lowest and highest concentrations in summertime and wintertime, respectively. The highest O 3 concentrations were found on weekend (weekend effect), whereas other ambient air pollutants had statistically significant (P < 0.05) daily variations in which higher concentrations were observed on weekdays compared to weekend (holiday effect). Hourly O 3 concentration reached its peak at 3.00 p.m., though other air pollutants displayed two peaks; morning and late night. Approximately 45% to 65% of AQI values were in the subcategory of unhealthy for sensitive groups and PM 2.5 was the responsible air pollutant in Tehran. Amongst meteorological factors, temperature was the key influencing factor for PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations, while nebulosity and solar radiation exerted major influences on ambient SO 2 and o 3 concentrations. Additionally, there is a moderate coupling between wind speed and NO 2 and CO concentrations.

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Section: Seasonal and Monthly Patterns Of Ambient Air Pollutants To mentioning

confidence: 71%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017

Yousefian

Faridi

Azimi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

115

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“…The major source of particulate matter in Arak is probably different. Industries have been suggested as the main sources of air pollution in this city (Hosseini and Shahbazi, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Short-Term Health Impacts of PM2.5 in Iranian Cities; a Modelling Approach (2013-2016)

Hopke

Nazari

Hadei

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Estimation of the spatial and temporal trends of health impacts attributable to air pollution is an effective measure for evaluating implemented interventions. The aim of this study was to estimate the short-term mortality attributable to exposure to PM 2.5 among individuals older than 30 years old in ten Iranian cities from March 2013 to March 2016 using the World Health Organization's (WHO) AirQ+ software. Hourly concentrations of PM 2.5 were acquired from the Department of Environment and Tehran Air Quality Control Company. Only stations with 75% and 50% of valid data were qualified for Tehran and other cities, respectively. The annual average PM 2.5 concentrations in all ten of the cities were higher than the WHO guideline value of 10 µg m -3 . The total number of attributable short-term deaths during the three-year period in these 10 cities was 3284 (95% CI: 1207-5244). The average daily premature deaths were calculated to be 3. The highest number of premature deaths within the three-year period was estimated to be 548 in Tehran, largely reflecting its population of nearly 9 million. The western and southern cities of Iran experience severe dust storms and showed a high estimated rate of death attributed to air pollution. The health impacts in all cities decreased in the third year compared to the first year except for Ahvaz, Khoram Abad, and Ilam. Governmental interventions need to be enforced more effectively to reduce the high level of adverse health impacts in Iran. Special considerations should be given to the air quality of cities affected by dust storms.

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“…Tehran, the capital of Iran with a population of nearly 9 million residents [36], has experienced several severe episodes of air pollution during the past few decades [37]. The large number of mobile sources (more than 4 million vehicles) in that megacity, as well as its proximity to a large number of industrial units have led to serious air pollution challenges in Tehran [38,39]. This situation is further exacerbated by the topography of the area, being surrounded by Alborz mountains to the north and east.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and Temporal Variations of Coarse Particulate Matter (PM) in Central Tehran, Iran

et al. 2019

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In this study, we used the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to evaluate the sources of ambient coarse particulate matter (PM) and their temporal variations in two sampling sites, i.e., a school dormitory and a retirement home, located in central Tehran. 24-h ambient PM samples were collected using low-volume air samplers from May 2012 to June 2013. The collected filters were analyzed for their chemical components, including water-soluble ions, metals, and trace elements, which were used as the input to the PMF model. Our results indicated annual averages of 45.7 ± 3.8 µg/m 3 and 36.2. ± 4.0 µg/m 3 for coarse PM at the School dormitory and Tohid retirement home, respectively. Moreover, higher ambient coarse PM mass concentrations were observed in the warm season (53.3 ± 5.8 µg/m 3 for school dormitory and 43.1 ± 6.1 µg/m 3 for Tohid retirement home) as opposed to the cold season (41.4 ± 4.7 µg/m 3 for school dormitory and 28.7 ± 4.6 µg/m 3 for Tohid retirement home). Our PMF analysis also identified road dust, soil, and industry, and atmospherically processed coarse PM as the three sources of ambient coarse PM in central Tehran. Road dust, soil, and industry were the major sources of ambient coarse PM, contributing respectively to 74 ± 9% and 19 ± 2% of the total coarse PM mass concentration, while atmospherically aged aerosols had a rather minimal contribution of 7 ± 1% to total coarse PM mass concentration. The temporal trends of the resolved factors also revealed higher contributions of road dust to total ambient coarse PM during warm season as opposed to cold season, due to the increased resuspension rate from road surfaces as a result of higher wind speeds, and temperatures, combined with lower relative humidity. Similarly, higher resuspension rate of mechanically originated particulates resulted in higher warm-season time contributions of the soil factor. Results of this study clearly revealed the key role of road dust and non-tail pipe emissions on ambient coarse PM mass concentrations in crowded areas of central Tehran, and have important implications on the potential health impacts that can be caused by these difficult to mitigate sources of coarse PM.

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Urban Air Pollution in Iran

Cited by 100 publications

References 12 publications

Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017

Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Short-Term Health Impacts of PM2.5 in Iranian Cities; a Modelling Approach (2013-2016)

Sources and Temporal Variations of Coarse Particulate Matter (PM) in Central Tehran, Iran

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