Urban Agriculture as an Alternative Source of Food and Water Security in Today’s Sustainable Cities

Abstract

The concept of a regenerative city goes far beyond a sustainable one. The regenerative approach is to think of urban green space as a productive landscape, a source of food, and a support for biodiversity. In this approach, the so-called urban wastelands have a positive significance. Urban agriculture (UA) has become a commonly discussed topic in recent years with respect to sustainable development. Therefore, the combination of urban fabric and local food production is crucial for ecological reasons. The key issues are the reduction of food miles and the demand for processed food, the production of which strains the natural environment. At the same time, UA enables regeneration and restoration. An original methodological approach was used in the study following the mixed-method research concept: literature survey, case studies, and comparative analysis of objects. A review of UA architecture (UAA) projects was carried out to supplement the knowledge acquired during the bibliometric analysis. In sum, 25 existing projects, including allotment gardens, community gardens, and urban farms in the global north, were compared in this study. As a result of the analyses carried out, the breakdown of urban agriculture was developed into the following categories: (i) architectural–urban, (ii) ecological, (iii) social, and (iv) economic, including the impact of UA on physical activity and social interaction. UA is also a factor shaping the urban landscape. In conclusion, agrarian practice in urban environments has led to the creation of a new type of space, known as UAA. Production in the context of UA exceeds private goods, such as food produced for sale or for individual use. Additional goods include public goods. The review shows that UA fulfills economic, social, and environmental functions, thus falling under the concept of sustainable development.

Residential Rooftop Urban Agriculture: Architectural Design Recommendations

“…It can create a local network of food producers. It facilitates the distribution of local and seasonal products to local markets [49].…”

“…It has a positive impact on food security. It provides food for urban residents [6,32,49,[51][52][53][54]. It provides community cohesion and community engagement [55,56].…”

“…Gardening is a form of physical exercise. It can release stress and enhance psychological health [32,49,62,63]. It provides farming education.…”

“…Concerning the ecological aspect, urban agriculture is significant due to the following points: By increasing the percentage of green spaces in cities, the urban heat island effect can be reduced. It can be considered part of urban greening [49,66,67]. It can reduce the issues associated with stormwater runoff [68,69].…”