Urate synthesis in the perfused chick liver

Barratt, Eleanor L.; Buttery, P. J.; Boorman, K. N.

doi:10.1042/bj1440189

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The rates in the present experiments were considerably higher than those found with chicken liver slices (Benzinger & Krebs, 1933), but of the same order as the rate of hypoxanthine synthesis under optimum conditions in pigeon liver (Orstrom et al, 1939) and about twice as high as that observed in perfused chicken liver (Barratt et al, 1974 Effect ofNH4CI on chicken liver metabolism When NH4C1 was the only added nitrogenous precursor the rates of urate synthesis were lower than in the presence of alanine or asparagine, with either lactate or dihydroxyacetone as carbon source (Table 5). In the presence of lactate the rates of urate synthesis were lower at 5 mM-and lOmM-NH4CI than at 1 mm.…”

Section: Preparation Of Isolated Liver Cells and Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…The liver outflow was returned to the reservoir by a roller pump. Soling et al (1973) and Barratt et al (1974) perfused the avian liver by the portal vein. Perfusion in the reverse direction was preferred because it made it possible to shorten the anoxic period of the liver.…”

Section: Preparation Of Isolated Liver Cells and Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rates of all the metabolic Table 1. Immediate precursors of the purine ring in avian liver Data for the purine-ring precursors are from several sources Sonne et al, 1946Sonne et al, , 1948Buchanan et al, 1948 (Bergmann & Dikstein, 1954), and dissolving the precipitate in 0.15 ml of ethanolamine, followed by the addition of 0.45ml of methanol (Barratt et al, 1974 Table 3). The highest rates on addition of single substrates were observed in the presence of either alanine or asparagine.…”

Section: Preparation Of Isolated Liver Cells and Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immediate precursors, as well as the ultimate precursors, of the purine ring are known (see Tables 1 and 2), but information on the factors that determine the rate of the purine-ring synthesis in the intact cell is limited. Barratt et al (1974) found in the perfused chicken liver that the synthesis of uric acid was only marginally stimulated by the addition of the immediate precursors, i.e. glycine, glutamine, aspartate or NH4CL.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rate-limiting factors in urate synthesis and gluconeogenesis in avian liver

Mapes

Krebs

1978

Biochemical Journal

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1. Urate synthesis and other metabolic characteristics of isolated chicken hepatocytes were studied. 2. The distinction is made between immediate precursors of the purine ring (glycine, glutamine, aspartate, formyltetrahydrofolate, bicarbonate) and ultimate precursors from which the immediate precursors are formed in the liver. 3. In hepatocytes from well-fed chickens the rate of urate synthesis was not greatly increased by the addition of amino acids or NH4CI, but in hepatocytes from 72 h-starved chickens the rate was much increased when alanine or asparagine was added as the only substrate. Other amino acids, when added alone, did not affect the rate. The exceptional effect of alanine and asparagine is due to the ready formation of the immediate precursors. 4. Conditions are described under which glutamine, serine, glycine plus formate, ribose and glucose increased the rate of urate synthesis. 5. At I mM-NH4Cl (a concentration not much higher than that of blood plasma) the rate of urate synthesis in the presence of lactate was increased, but higher concentrations inhibited urate synthesis in the presence of lactate or alanine; with alanine even 1 mM-NH4Cl was inhibitory. 6. Gludose synthesis from lactate, alanine or dihydroxyacetone was also inhibited by I mM-NH4CI. 7. NH4Cl inhibition of urate and glucose synthesis was paralleled by an increased rate of glutamine synthesis.Thus in the presence of NH4CI the gluconeogenic precursors are diverted from the pathway of gluconeogenesis to that of glutamate and glutamine synthesis. This implies that the synthesis of these amino acids is the primary process in the detoxication of ammonia in the avian liver. 8. Urate synthesis, like urea synthesis, can be looked on as a cyclic process with either phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate or ribose acting as the carrier on which the purine ring is assembled. 9. The energy requirements of urate synthesis depend on whether phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate is regenerated from IMP by pyrophosphorylase or by phosphorylation and pyrophosphorylation of ribose. It is 6 or 9 pyrophosphate bonds of ATP respectively.The starting point of this work was the intention to use isolated hepatocytes from chicken liver for the study of the rate-limiting factor in uric acid (i.e. purine ring) synthesis. The immediate precursors, as well as the ultimate precursors, of the purine ring are known (see Tables 1 and 2), but information on the factors that determine the rate of the purine-ring synthesis in the intact cell is limited. Barratt et al. (1974) found in the perfused chicken liver that the synthesis of uric acid was only marginally stimulated by the addition of the immediate precursors, i.e. glycine, glutamine, aspartate or NH4CL. In the present experiments on isolated hepatocytes the addition of the immediate precursors listed in Table 1 gave substantial increases in the rates of uric acid synthesis. Unexpectedly, the addition of NH4C1 above I mm strongly inhibited purine-ring synthesis * Present address: Texas A and

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Section: Preparation Of Isolated Liver Cells and Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Preparation Of Isolated Liver Cells and Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Isolated Liver Cells and Incubation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rate-limiting factors in urate synthesis and gluconeogenesis in avian liver

Mapes

Krebs

1978

Biochemical Journal

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“…Modified operative technique for perfusion of the isolated chicken liver A method of operating on the chicken is described which makes it possible to perfuse the isolated liver. It is based on the techniques described by BICKERSTAFFE et al 1970 andBARRATT et al (1974). The authors' experiences have resulted in modifications of the technique in some respects which result in simplifying the operative procedure, carrying it out more rapidly, and obtaining more rapid attachment to the perfusion apparatus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifizierte Operationstechnik für die isoliert perfundierte Hühnerleber

Mechler

Hilbig

1986

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Operationsmethode am Huhn vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht, Perfusioner an der isolierten Hühnerleber vorzunehmen. Sie basiert auf der von Bickerstaffe und Mitarbeitern 1970 und von Barratt und Mitarbeitern 1974 publizierten Operationstechnik. Eigene Erfahrungen führten dazu, den von den genannten Autoren beschriebener Operationsablauf in einigen Passagen zu verändern, um dadurch den Operationsablauf zu vereinfachen, zeitlich zu verkürzen und somit einen rascheren Anschluß der Leber an die Perfusionsapparatur zu erreichen. Summary Modified operative technique for perfusion of the isolated chicken liver A method of operating on the chicken is described which makes it possible to perfuse the isolated liver. It is based on the techniques described by Bickerstaffe et al. 1970 and Barratt et al. (1974). The authors' experiences have resulted in modifications of the technique in some respects which result in simplifying the operative procedure, carrying it out more rapidly, and obtaining more rapid attachment to the perfusion apparatus. Résumé Technique opératoire modifiée pour le foie de volaille isolé en perfusion Une méthode opératoire sur la poule est présentée qui rend possible des perfusions sur le foie de volaille isolé. Cette méthode est basée sur la technique opératoire publiée par Bickerstaffe et al. 1970 et Barratt et al. 1974. Des expériences ont conduit à certaines modifications des opérations décrites à une simplification du déroulement de l'opération avec une durée abrégé et à un raccord plus rapide du foie aux appareils de perfusion. Resumen Técnica operatoria modificada para el hígado aislado, perfundido de gallina Se presenta una técnica operatoria, la cual permite llevar a cabo perfusiones en el higado aislado de gallina. La misma se basa en la técnica operatoria publicada por Bickerstaffe y colbs. en 1970 y por Barratt y colbs. en 1974. Las experiencias propias condujeron a modificar el curso de la operación descrito por los autores mencionados en algunos pasajes, simplificando así el transcurso de la operación, acortando el tiempo y alcanzando, por lo tanto, una comunicación más rápida del hígado al conjunto de aparatos de perfusión.

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Influence of Carbohydrates on Uric Acid Synthesis in the Isolated Perfused Chicken Liver

Boecker

Förster

1977

Purine Metabolism in Man—II

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Urate synthesis in the perfused chick liver

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Rate-limiting factors in urate synthesis and gluconeogenesis in avian liver

Rate-limiting factors in urate synthesis and gluconeogenesis in avian liver

Modifizierte Operationstechnik für die isoliert perfundierte Hühnerleber

Influence of Carbohydrates on Uric Acid Synthesis in the Isolated Perfused Chicken Liver

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