Uranium and Thorium

McDiarmid, Melissa A.; Gaitens, Joanna M.; Squibb, Katherine S.

doi:10.1002/0471435139.tox042.pub2

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…These effects, however, are thought to be related to hydrogen fluoride toxicity . Uranium miners and millers chronically exposed via inhalation to insoluble U metal compounds also are known to face increased risks of respiratory disease; however, concomitant exposure to silica, diesel exhaust, and cigarette smoke also contribute to this increased risk in this population exposed to U . The clear potential for U‐related respiratory health effects still suggests a need for surveillance, particularly in populations with ongoing exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulse oscillometry measurement of distal airways obstruction in depleted uranium‐exposed Gulf War veterans

Hines

Barnes

Brown

et al. 2018

American J Industrial Med

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulse oscillometry measurement of distal airways obstruction in depleted uranium‐exposed Gulf War veterans

Hines

Barnes

Brown

et al. 2018

American J Industrial Med

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“…Las concentraciones más altas de uranio que se encuentran en el suelo, agua y alimentos están relacionadas generalmente con la proximidad de instalaciones nucleares: minas de uranio, extracción del mineral, enriquecimiento y fabricación del combustible nuclear, etc., aunque también se encuentra en las cercanías de las centrales térmicas (que producen energía eléctrica mediante el uso del carbón), ya que en las cenizas volantes, que se acumulan como residuo de la combustión, se retienen fácilmente los elementos pesados incluido el uranio. Las concentraciones de uranio en la atmósfera son inferiores a las descritas anteriormente siendo la mayor fuente de uranio en el aire las erupciones volcánicas [8].…”

Section: El Uraniounclassified

“…Como ejemplo de esta variabilidad, la concentración de uranio en el agua potable de la ciudad de Nueva York es de 0.07 µg•L -1 , mientras el promedio de la concentración de uranio en la zona de Utah es de 12.46 µg•L -1 . Las concentraciones de uranio en agua potable en España se encuentran en un rango comprendido entre 0.05 y 73.0 µg•L -1 [8].…”

Section: El Uraniounclassified

“…En medicina forense, analizando tejidos humanos, se han encontrado concentraciones de uranio entre 100 y 125 µg en un hombre promedio de 70 kg, la mayor cantidad de este elemento se acumula en los huesos siendo esta acumulación del orden de 10 a 20 veces mayor que en los tejidos blandos [8].…”

Section: El Uraniounclassified

“…El efecto matriz que tiene la muestra líquida puede opacar la señal de fosforescencia del "uranilo" debiéndose tener en cuenta. Los límites de detección del uranio total alcanzables por esta técnica instrumental se encuentran generalmente entorno a los 10 ng•L -1 [8].…”

Section: Analizador De Fosforescencia Cinética (Kpa)unclassified

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Implicaciones analíticas en la determinación de uranio y torio por diferentes técnicas en suelos no perturbados de Zacatecas, México

Juarez¹

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Pruebas No paramétricas para Uranio-S-Uranio-P Prueba de los signos Hipótesis Nula: mediana = 0 Alternativa: no igual Número de valores menores a la mediana hipotética: 7 Número de valores mayores a la mediana hipotética: 4 Estadístico para Grandes Muestras = 0.603023 (aplicada la corrección por continuidad) Valor-P = 0.546491 No se rechaza la hipótesis nula para alfa = 0.05. Prueba de rangos con signo Hipótesis Nula: mediana = 0 Alternativa: no igual Rango medio de valores menores a la mediana hipotética: 7.85714 Rango medio de valores mayores a la mediana hipotética: 2.75 Estadístico para Grandes Muestras = 1.91728 (aplicada la corrección por continuidad) Valor-P = 0.0552027 No se rechaza la hipótesis nula para alfa = 0.05. Prueba de Hipótesis para Torio-S-Torio-P Media Muestral =-0.733333 Mediana Muestral =-1.0 Desviación Estándar de la Muestra = 3.34806 Prueba t Hipótesis Nula: media = 0 Alternativa: no igual Estadístico t =-0.848308 Valor-P = 0.410537 No se rechaza la hipótesis nula para alfa = 0.05. Prueba de los signos Hipótesis Nula: mediana = 0 Alternativa: no igual Número de valores menores a la mediana hipotética: 9 Número de valores mayores a la mediana hipotética: 5 Estadístico para Grandes Muestras = 0.801784 (aplicada la corrección por continuidad) Valor-P = 0.422676 No se rechaza la hipótesis nula para alfa = 0.05. Prueba de rangos con signo Hipótesis Nula: mediana = 0 Alternativa: no igual Rango medio de valores menores a la mediana hipotética: 7.38889 Rango medio de valores mayores a la mediana hipotética: 7.7 Estadístico para Grandes Muestras = 0.852962 (aplicada la corrección por continuidad) Valor-P = 0.393678 No se rechaza la hipótesis nula para alfa = 0.05. This Certificate does no/ confer to the object calibratedlmeasured al/rib11tes beyond tlzose slzown by tite data contained herein. Results rejer to the dates and condition.s in whiclz measurements were carried out and possesses traceability to national standards. Partía/ reproduction of t/zis documen/ is no/ permitled without writlen permission.

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A comparison of the chemo- and radiotoxicity of thorium and uranium at different enrichment grades

et al. 2023

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Uranium and thorium are heavy metals, and all of their isotopes are radioactive, so it is impossible to study chemical effects entirely independent of the radiation effects. In the present study, we tried to compare the chemo- and radiotoxicity of both metals, taking into account deterministic radiation damages reflected by acute radiation sickness and stochastic radiation damages leading to long-term health impairments (e.g., tumor induction). We made at first a literature search on acute median lethal doses that may be expected to be caused by chemical effects, as even acute radiation sickness as a manifestation of acute radiotoxicity occurs with latency. By simulations based on the biokinetic models of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and using the Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis software, we determined the amounts of uranium at different enrichment grades and thorium-232 leading to a short-term red bone marrow equivalent dose of 3.5 Sv considered to cause 50% lethality in humans. Different intake pathways for incorporation were considered, and values were compared to the mean lethal doses by chemotoxicity. To assess stochastic radiotoxicity, we calculated the uranium and thorium amounts leading to a committed effective dose of 200 mSv that is often considered critical. Mean lethal values for uranium and thorium are in the same order of magnitude so that the data do not give evidence for substantial differences in acute chemical toxicity. When comparing radiotoxicity, the reference units (activity in Bq or weight in g) must always be taken into account. The mean lethal equivalent dose to the red bone marrow of 3.5 Sv is reached by lower activities of thorium compared to uranium in soluble compounds. However, for uranium as well as thorium-232, acute radiation sickness is expected only after incorporation of amounts exceeding the mean lethal doses by chemotoxicity. Thus, acute radiation sickness is not a relevant clinical issue for either metal. Concerning stochastic radiation damages, thorium-232 is more radiotoxic than uranium if incorporating the same activities. Using weight units for comparison show that for soluble compounds, thorium-232 is more radiotoxic than low-enriched uranium in the case of ingestion but even more toxic than high-enriched uranium after inhalation or intravenous administration. For insoluble compounds, the situation differs as the stochastic radiotoxicity of thorium-232 ranges between depleted and natural uranium. For acute effects, the chemotoxicity of uranium, even at high enrichment grades, as well as thorium-232 exceeds deterministic radiotoxicity. Simulations show that thorium-232 is more radiotoxic than uranium expressed in activity units. If the comparison is based on weight units, the rankings depend on the uranium enrichment grades and the route of intake.

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Uranium and Thorium

Cited by 8 publications

References 212 publications

Impulse oscillometry measurement of distal airways obstruction in depleted uranium‐exposed Gulf War veterans

Impulse oscillometry measurement of distal airways obstruction in depleted uranium‐exposed Gulf War veterans

Implicaciones analíticas en la determinación de uranio y torio por diferentes técnicas en suelos no perturbados de Zacatecas, México

A comparison of the chemo- and radiotoxicity of thorium and uranium at different enrichment grades

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