Uptrend in distress and psychiatric symptomatology in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Berthelot, Nicolas; Lemieux, Roxanne; Garon-Bissonnette, Julia; Drouin-Maziade, Christine; Martel, Élodie; Maziade, Michel

doi:10.1111/aogs.13925

Cited by 389 publications

(448 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The present study ndings show that the prevalence of postpartum depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms among the women experiencing childbirth during the Covid-19 pandemic was higher than that reported in previous studies before the pandemic. Literature data report that approximately 10-16% of women met major depression's criteria at 3 months postpartum [24,[33][34][35][36]. The ndings for our cohort (30.7%) are shared by a recent study that reported that 30% of the mothers who delivered during the Covid-19 pandemic had a global EPDS score > 12 compared with 11.9% in an antecedent matched group of postpartum women [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Ostacoli

Cosma

Bevilacqua

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Trauma, natural and man-made catastrophic events can be predictors of postpartum psychological distress. In a public health response due to coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, the Italian government imposed a lockdown from March 9 to May 3. This extraordinary situation may have been challenging for maternal psychological health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms in women giving birth during the Covid-19 pandemic and its associations with quarantine measures, obstetrical factors, and relational attachment style. Methods Women who gave birth in a high-volume obstetric/gynaecological medical centre located in an epidemic area during the Covid-19 pandemic (March 8 to June 15) were asked to complete an online survey about their childbirth experience and the perceived effect of the pandemic. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) were administered to assess levels of postpartum depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and relational style of attachment, respectively. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify associations between quarantine measures, childbirth experience, attachment style, and EPDS and IES-R scores.Results The survey was completed by 163 women (response rate 60.8%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 44.2% (EPDS cut-off score ≥11) and the PTSS rate was 42.9% (IES-R cut-off score ≥24). Dismissive and fearful avoidant attachment styles were significantly associated with the risk of depression and PTSS, respectively. Perceived pain during delivery was a risk factor for postpartum depression. Perceived support provided by healthcare staff was a protective factor against depression and PTSS. Another protective factor against PTSS was quiet on the ward due to the absence of hospital visitors. Conclusion This study reports a high prevalence of postpartum depressive and PTSS in women who delivered during the Covid-19 pandemic. Postnatal psychological distress seemed to be associated more with the prenatal experience and other individual factors than with the pandemic hospital restrictions. Early detection during pregnancy of an insecure attachment style is fundamental to provide targeted preventive and therapeutic psychological interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Ostacoli

Cosma

Bevilacqua

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In theory, the incidence of these disorders will increase during an epidemic. One study has reported that pregnant women during covid-19 are more likely to have anxiety and depression than before (OR = 1.94, χ 2 = 10.05) (Berthelot et al 2020). However, another study showed that the incidence of depression during the outbreak did not change signi cantly compared with that before the outbreak (OR = 1, 95% CI 0.52-1.93) (Sade et al 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang¹,

Yu²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background COVID-19 has become a global pandemic. Its occurrence has substantially affected the psychological condition of pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to learn about the incidence of anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the pandemic, and to conduct a meta-analysis of the existing research.Methods PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched without a lower time limit and up to August 13, 2020. The incidences of anxiety and depression among pregnant women were synthesized and discussed.Results The prevalence of anxiety in 8 studies with a total sample size of 7493 individuals was 43% (95% confidence interval: 0.28-0.58), and the prevalence of depression in 7 studies with a sample size of 6116 people was 32% (95% confidence interval: 0.26-0.37). Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies of these incidence estimates. Subgroup analysis included the economic status to explore the sources of heterogeneity, and Egger’s test was conducted to examine the publication bias.Conclusions Since significant heterogeneity has been detected in studies of anxiety and depression, we must interpret the results with caution. As the COVID-19 pandemic will not end in a short time, corresponding psychological interventions must be implemented to address the mental health of pregnant women.

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“…A recent study found that more than 1/3 of the perinatal women experienced depression during the outbreak ( 13 ), and pregnant women reported a higher rate of depression after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic (29.6% vs. 26.0%) ( 14 ). Besides increased depressive symptoms, perinatal women also reported elevated symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Outcomes in Perinatal Women During the Remission Phase of COVID-19 in China

Zeng

Sun

et al. 2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background Since the middle of March, the COVID-19 outbreak has been well contained in China. The prevention and control measures for the outbreak have been downgraded to a normalized level. However, until now, the change in level of psychological health amongst perinatal women during the remission phase of the COVID-19 outbreak has not been investigated in China. The aim of this current study was to assess the symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and quality of life (QOL) in perinatal women and to identify potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. Methods This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based survey conducted between March 25 th till June 5 th , 2020 in southern China. Convenient sampling method was adopted. Women’s anxiety, depression, insomnia symptoms and QOL was examined through standardized measurements. Multivariate logistic regression and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted for the same. Results A total of 625 perinatal women completed the study; of them, 195 women (31.2%, 95%CI=27.56%–34.84%) reported anxiety, 120 (19.2%, 95%CI=16.10%–22.30%) reported depression, and 87 (13.9%, 95%CI=11.20%–16.64%) experienced symptoms of insomnia. Previous adverse experiences during pregnancy was a significant risk factor for anxiety (OR=1.628, 95%CI=1.069–2.480, P=0.023), depression (OR=1.853, 95%CI=1.153–2.977, P=0.011), and insomnia (OR=2.160, 95%CI=1.290-3.616, P=0.003). Participants having infected friends/families/colleagues were more likely to report anxiety (OR=2.195, 95%CI=1.245–3.871, P=0.007) and depression (OR=2.666, 95%CI=1.482–4.794, P=0.001). Those women whose regular check-ups were severely interrupted by the COVID-19 were also more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety (OR=2.935, 95%CI=1.701–5.062, P<0.001) and insomnia (OR=2.195, 95%CI=1.098–4.390, P=0.026). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic does affect the mental health and well being of perinatal women. Increased attention should be paid to women who have infected friends/families/colleagues and those with previous adverse experiences during pregnancy. Coping strategies that relieve psychological stress during the COVID-19 outbreak should be provided to prevent adverse outcomes for women and their infants.

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Uptrend in distress and psychiatric symptomatology in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Cited by 389 publications

References 30 publications

Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Psychosocial factors associated with postpartum psychological distress during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Prevalence of anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mental Health Outcomes in Perinatal Women During the Remission Phase of COVID-19 in China

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