Uptake of <sup>15</sup>N‐Labeled Nitrate by Sugar Beets from Depths Greater than 180 CM<sup>1</sup>

Peterson, G. A.; Anderson, F. N.; Varvel, Gary E.; Olson, R. A.

doi:10.2134/agronj1979.00021962007100020036x

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A classical study from Nebraska, USA showed roots of white cabbage extending to 2.4 m and numerous other vegetables having root depths in the range of 1-2 m (Weaver and Bruner, 1927). Other studies from Nebraska have shown 15 N uptake from 1.8 m by corn and from 2.4 m by sugar beet over a growing season (Gass et al, 1971;Peterson et al, 1979). Recently we found uptake of significant amounts of 15 NO − 3 by roots growing down to 2.5 m depth of the catch crop fodder radish (Kristensen and Thorup-Kristensen, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Uptake of15N labeled nitrate by root systems of sweet corn, carrot and white cabbage from 0.2–2.5 meters depth

Kristensen¹,

Thorup‐Kristensen²

2004

Plant Soil

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Leaching of NO − 3 from vegetable cropping systems can be very high compared to arable systems. This is a problem for vegetable growers in general as it decreases groundwater quality, and for organic growers in particular as the organic production is often limited by N. In a field experiment, we investigated the N uptake and root growth of three vegetables using minirhizotrons reaching 2.4 m with the purpose to study the relationship between vegetable root distribution and uptake of NO − 3 from deep soil layers. NO − 3 uptake was studied over a 6 d period at the end of September by injection of 15 NO − 3 at four depths in the ranges: 0.2-0.8, 0.6-1.8, and 1-2.5 m under late sweet corn (Zea mays L. convar. Saccharata Koern.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and autumn white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. alba DC), respectively. The root depths of the three crops were 0.6, 1.3, and more than 2.4 m, respectively. Uptake of 15 N was close to zero from placements below root depth, and linear relationships were found between root density and 15 N uptake from different depths. N inflow rates (uptake per unit root length) were in the same range for all species and depths. This indicates that the very different N use efficiencies often found for vegetable crops depend on species specific differences in root development over time and space, more than on differences in N uptake ability of the single root. Thus deep rooting is important for deep N uptake. Knowledge about deep root growth enables design of crop rotations with improved N use efficiency based on re-cycling of deep soil NO − 3 by vegetables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Uptake of15N labeled nitrate by root systems of sweet corn, carrot and white cabbage from 0.2–2.5 meters depth

Kristensen¹,

Thorup‐Kristensen²

2004

Plant Soil

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“…While the present experiment adds to the few studies showing significant N uptake from below 1 m in the soil (Gass et al 1971;Daigger and Sander 1976;Peterson et al 1979;Kristensen and Thorup-Kristensen 2004a), we do not know how important this is in agriculture in general. How many crop species can grow this deep, how many soils will allow this, and how much N can be taken up from the deep soil layers in ordinary agricultural practice?…”

Section: Root Growth and Soil N Depletionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Still, there is increasing evidence of large differences in rooting depth among crop species (Kristensen and Thorup-Kristensen 2004a;Smit and Groenwold 2005) and evidence that several important crops may have significant rooting to well below 1.0 m (Daigger and Sander 1976;Peterson et al 1979;Barraclough 1989;Addiscott and Darby 1991;Stone et al 2002). Significant N uptake from soil layers between 1.0 and 3.0 m have also been shown (Gass et al 1971;Daigger and Sander 1976;Peterson et al 1979;Kristensen and Thorup-Kristensen 2004a). The need to consider differences in crop rooting depths when simulating soil N dynamics was stressed by Delgado et al (2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of deep and shallow root systems on the dynamics of soil inorganic N during 3-year crop rotations

Thorup‐Kristensen¹

2006

Plant Soil

129

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Unused inorganic nitrogen (N inorg ) left in agricultural soils will typically leach to deeper soil layers. If it moves below the root zone it will be lost from the system, but the depth of the root zone depends on the crop species grown. In this experiment we studied the effect of 3-year crop sequences, with different combinations of deep-rooted and shallow-rooted crops, on soil N inorg dynamics to 2.5 m soil depth and the possibility of crop utilization of N leached to deep soil layers. We grew ten different crop sequences for 3 years. The crops and catch crops grown were selected to allow different sequences of deeprooted and shallow-rooted crops. Very different rooting depths were obtained, from only 0.5 m (leek), to~1.0 m (ryegrass and barley), 1.5 m (red beet), 2.0 m (fodder radish and white cabbage) and more than 2.5 m by the chicory catch crop. The results showed a significant retention of N inorg within the 2.5 m soil profile from one year to the next, but the retained N had leached to deeper parts of the profile during the winter season. Only little N inorg was retained over two winter seasons. The retention in the deeper soil layers allowed N inorg to be taken up by succeeding deep-rooted main crops or catch crops. The effects of crop rooting depth on N inorg in the subsoil layers from 1.0 to 2.5 m were striking. White cabbage reduced N inorg below 1.0 m with up to 113 kg N ha -1 during its growth. Grown after catch crops, leek and red beet left on average 60 kg N ha -1 less below 1.0 m than leek and red beet grown without a preceding catch crop. We conclude that it is possible to design crop rotations with improved nitrogen use efficiency by using the differences in crop rooting patterns; deep-rooted crops or catch crops can be used to recover N inorg leached after previous crops, and catch crops can be grown before shallow-rooted crops to lift the deep N inorg up to layers where these crops have their roots.

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“…Several studies have shown that deep-rooted crops can mitigate N leaching losses by capturing N from deep soil or subsoil horizons (Peterson et al 1979;Huang et al 1996;Thorup-Kristensen 2001;Kristensen and Thorup-Kristensen 2004). Bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Flüggé, may be a good candidate for mitigating excess soil N since it has been reported to have a large and a deep fibrous root system (Burton 1943).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential root depth development and nitrogen uptake by tetraploid bahiagrass hybrids

et al. 2010

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The objectives were to develop a screening technique to evaluate the tetraploid germplasm of Paspalum notatum Flüggé (bahiagrass) for potential rate of root depth development (RRDD), estimate the variability for RRDD among hybrids, and analyze the association between RRDD and nitrogen (N) uptake. First, a screening technique was developed based on the evaluation of two clones grown in clear acrylic columns of different sizes, filled with mineral or organic substrates. The RRDD response was determined to be constant across substrates, and tube sizes. Second, differences in RRDD among thirteen clones were compared by growing plants in acrylic columns filled with mineral substrate. Genetic variability was identified among the bahiagrass germplasm for RRDD. Greater RRDD values resulted in greater root and shoot mass, indicating that RRDD was related to early vigor. Finally, to evaluate the relation between RRDD and N uptake, labeled N ( 15 N) was injected either at the depth of the deepest root of each clone or at the maximum depth of all clones. Rapid root depth development was a determining factor for rapid access and uptake of nitrogen present in deep soil layers. This relationship might explain why clones exhibiting rapid root penetration also showed greater early vigor.

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Uptake of ¹⁵N‐Labeled Nitrate by Sugar Beets from Depths Greater than 180 CM¹

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Uptake of15N labeled nitrate by root systems of sweet corn, carrot and white cabbage from 0.2–2.5 meters depth

Uptake of15N labeled nitrate by root systems of sweet corn, carrot and white cabbage from 0.2–2.5 meters depth

Effect of deep and shallow root systems on the dynamics of soil inorganic N during 3-year crop rotations

Potential root depth development and nitrogen uptake by tetraploid bahiagrass hybrids

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Uptake of 15N‐Labeled Nitrate by Sugar Beets from Depths Greater than 180 CM1

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Uptake of15N labeled nitrate by root systems of sweet corn, carrot and white cabbage from 0.2–2.5 meters depth

Uptake of15N labeled nitrate by root systems of sweet corn, carrot and white cabbage from 0.2–2.5 meters depth

Effect of deep and shallow root systems on the dynamics of soil inorganic N during 3-year crop rotations

Potential root depth development and nitrogen uptake by tetraploid bahiagrass hybrids

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Uptake of ¹⁵N‐Labeled Nitrate by Sugar Beets from Depths Greater than 180 CM¹