Uptake of planar polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins by birds nesting in the lower fox river and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA

Ankley, Gerald T.; Niemi, Gerald J.; Lodge, Keith B.; Harris, Hallett J.; Beaver, Donald L.; Tillitt, Donald E.; Schwartz, Ted R.; Giesy, John P.; Jones, Paul D.; Hagley, Cynthia

doi:10.1007/bf01128731

Cited by 101 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An exception to this accumulation pattern is seen in fast-growing chicks of fish-eating waterbirds. Studies have reported that concentrations of PHHs and/or TCDD-EQs are greater in the eggs of terns (Sterna forsteri, Sterna paradisaea, Sterna hirundo) and black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) than in newly hatched chicks, indicating a drop in PHH concentration after hatch (Scharenberg, 1991;Ankley et al, 1993;Rattner et al, 1996). It is suggested this effect is due to growth dilution of PHHs as the chick body mass increases (Scharenberg, 1991;Jones et al, 1994).…”

Section: B H4iie Toxic Equivalents (Tcdd-eqs) In Field Studies and Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason it is important to report TCDD-EQs in juvenile organisms as both concentration and absolute mass. For example, a regression analysis of TCDD-EQ mass versus age in Forster's tern nestlings from the Fox River estimated a TCDD-EQ uptake rate of 270 pg/d (Table 11; Ankley et al, 1993).…”

Section: B H4iie Toxic Equivalents (Tcdd-eqs) In Field Studies and Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The H4IIE Cell Bioassay as an Indicator of Dioxin-like Chemicals in Wildlife and the Environment

Whyte

Schmitt

Tillitt

2004

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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ABSTRACT:The H4IIE cell bioassay has proven utility as a screening tool for planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs) and structurally similar chemicals accumulated in organisms from the wild. This bioassay has additional applications in hazard assessment of PHH exposed populations. In this review, the toxicological principles, current protocols, performance criteria, and field applications for the assay are described. The H4IIE cell bioassay has several advantages over the analytical measurement of PHHs in environmental samples, but conclusions from studies can be strengthened when both bioassay and analytical chemistry data are presented together. Often, the bioassay results concur with biological effects in organisms and support direct measures of PHHs. For biomonitoring purposes and prioritization of PHH-contaminated environments, the H4IIE bioassay may be faster and less expensive than analytical measurements. The H4IIE cell bioassay can be used in combination with other biomarkers such as in vivo measurements of CYP1A1 induction to help pinpoint the sources and identities of dioxin-like chemicals. The number of studies that measure H4IIE-derived TCDD-EQs continues to increase, resulting in subtle improvements over time. Further experiments are required to determine if TCDD-EQs derived from mammalian cells are adequate predictors of toxicity to non-mammalian species. The H4IIE cell bioassay has been used in over 300 published studies, and its combination of speed, simplicity, and ability to integrate the effects of complex contaminant mixtures makes it a valuable addition to hazard assessment and biomonitoring studies.

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Section: B H4iie Toxic Equivalents (Tcdd-eqs) In Field Studies and Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B H4iie Toxic Equivalents (Tcdd-eqs) In Field Studies and Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

The H4IIE Cell Bioassay as an Indicator of Dioxin-like Chemicals in Wildlife and the Environment

Whyte

Schmitt

Tillitt

2004

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…Because they feed near their nest [20] on emergent aquatic insects [21], they reflect local sediment contamination and the transfer of contaminants from sediments into aquatic insects and then the terrestrial food web. This route of exposure is different from that typically explored in work with fisheating birds, which feed near the top of the food web [7]. In some cases, however, the shorter, more direct route of exposure for tree swallows can present a less complicated picture of contaminant exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reproduction and environmental contamination in tree swallows nesting in the Fox River Drainage and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA

Custer

Allen

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Concentration, accumulation, and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on reproduction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were studied at four sites in the Fox River drainage and in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, Wisconsin, USA, in 1994 and 1995. Total PCBs in eggs and newly hatched young (mean ϭ 3.01 g/g wet weight, years and sites combined) and 12-d-old nestlings (mean ϭ 2.34 g/g wet weight) at two contaminated sites (Kidney Island and Arrowhead) were higher than concentrations at two reference sites (Lake Poygan and High Cliff State Park, years and sites combined, pippers mean ϭ 0.26 g/g, nestlings mean ϭ 0.01 g/g). Concentrations of 11 PCB congeners were also higher at contaminated compared to reference sites. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulated in nestlings at a higher rate (1.34-6.69 g/d) at contaminated sites compared to reference locations (0.06-0.42 g/d). Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) was the only other organochlorine found in all samples; concentrations for all samples averaged Յ0.20 g/g wet weight. Total PCBs and p,pЈ-DDE concentrations did not differ among clutches where all eggs hatched, some eggs hatched, and no eggs hatched.

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“…PCBs in the diet are known to be persistent and bioaccumulative (Kannan et al 1989) and can cause reproductive impairment (Dahlgren et al 1972), behavioral anomalies (Halbrook et al 1998), and physiological abnormalities in offspring (Ludwig et al 1993). The tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) was selected to monitor dietary exposure to passerines primarily through the aquatic food web because it had been used in other studies and found to be suitable (Ankley et al 1993;Jones et al 1993;Froese et al 1998;Bishop et al 1999;McCarty and Secord 1999;Harris and Elliott 2000;Custer et al 2002), it tolerates handling (Rendell and Robertson 1990), and individuals are relatively abundant along the river. In a novel approach to risk assessment, the house wren (Troglodytes aedon) was selected as an indicator of terrestrial food web exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and Multiple Lines of Evidence Assessment of Risk for PCBs Found in the Diets of Passerine Birds at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site, Michigan

Neigh

Zwiernik

Blankenship

et al. 2006

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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Dietary exposures of passerine birds at the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, were examined due to the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the terrestrial and aquatic food webs. Average potential daily doses in diets were 6-to 29-fold and 16-to 35-fold greater at a contaminated location than at a reference location for PCB exposures quantified as total PCBs and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p -dioxin equivalents (TEQs), respectively. Birds with diets comprised of primarily aquatic insects had greater dietary exposure than birds with diets of primarily terrestrial insects. Risk associated with dietary exposure varied with the selection of the threshold for effects including hazard quotients, which exceeded 1 in instances where the most conservative toxicity reference values were utilized. Risk based on concentrations of PCBs in the tissues indicated little risk to avian species, and co-located studies evaluating reproductive health did not suggest that observed incidences of diminished reproductive success were related to PCB exposure. Measures of risk based on comparison to toxicity reference values (TRVs) were consistent with direct measures of ecologically relevant endpoints of reproductive fitness, but uncertainty exists in the selection of threshold values for effects in these species especially based on TEQs. This is largely due to the absence of species-specific, dose-response relationships. Therefore, the best estimate of risk is through the application of multiple lines of evidence. INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this study was to describe the exposure pathways for passerine birds exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the Kalamazoo River and to estimate risk associated with PCBs through those pathways. A secondary goal was to compare the two established methodologies for estimating exposure and subsequent risk. Finally, the results of the risk assessments based on the two methods of estimating exposure were compared to measures of reproductive fitness at the more PCB-contaminated site and the less contaminated, upstream reference location. The first method for estimating exposure, the "top-down" approach, measured concentrations of PCBs in the eggs, nestlings, and adults of each species. The other approach, which predicts exposure based on concentrations of PCBs in dietary items, is referred to as "bottom-up" (Fairbrother 2003). The two approaches, although inherently linked, have become disjointed in the risk evaluation process. The reason for this separation is often related to constraints on funding and time, but the assessor cannot be unequivocally assured that their selection of methodology does not overlook some important interaction in determining risk, or for that matter, does not over or underestimate risk based on uncertainties due to the adjustment of models from the given data.It has been suggested that several lines of evidence be used to evaluate risk instead of implementing only one type of methodology (Fairbrother 2003). However, it may not always be possible to apply mult...

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Uptake of planar polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins by birds nesting in the lower fox river and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA

Cited by 101 publications

References 33 publications

The H4IIE Cell Bioassay as an Indicator of Dioxin-like Chemicals in Wildlife and the Environment

The H4IIE Cell Bioassay as an Indicator of Dioxin-like Chemicals in Wildlife and the Environment

Reproduction and environmental contamination in tree swallows nesting in the Fox River Drainage and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA

Exposure and Multiple Lines of Evidence Assessment of Risk for PCBs Found in the Diets of Passerine Birds at the Kalamazoo River Superfund Site, Michigan

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