Uptake of phenolic compounds from plant foods in human intestinal Caco-2 cells

Abstract

In continuation of our studies on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from food grains as influenced by domestic processing, we examined the uptake of phenolics from native/sprouted finger millet and green gram and native/heat-processed onion in human Caco-2 cells. Absorption of pure phenolic compounds, as well as the uptake of phenolic compounds from finger millet, green gram, and onion, was investigated in Caco-2 monolayer model. Transport of individual phenolic compounds from apical compartment to the basolateral compartment across Caco-2 monolayer was also investigated. Sprouting enhanced the uptake of syringic acid from both these grains. Open-pan boiling reduced the uptake of quercetin from the onion. Among pure phenolic compounds, syringic acid was maximally absorbed, while the flavonoid isovitexin was least absorbed. Apparent permeability coefficient P of phenolic compounds from their standard solutions was 2.02 x 10cm/s to 8.94 x 10cm/s. Sprouting of grains enhanced the uptake of syringic acid by the Caco-2 cells. Open-pan boiling drastically reduced the uptake of quercetin from the onion. The permeability of phenolic acids across Caco-2 monolayer was higher than those of flavonoids.

Multitargeted Effects of Vitexin and Isovitexin on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications

“…However, pretreatment of neuro-2a cells with vitexin (50 μM) significantly restored the cell viability up to 92.86 ± 5.57% [70]. On the contrary, 100 and 500 μM isovitexin concentrations were found to be toxic to Caco-2cells after 4 h of incubation [212]. e acute cytotoxicity of vitexin and isovitexin was evaluated in both normoglycemic mice and induced diabetic rat, and the results show that at 2 g/kg wt, neither the normoglycemic mice nor diabetic rat showed any overt signs of toxicity after 24 h and 14 days of observation, and the weight of the rodents was not significantly different with no mortality recorded throughout the 14-day monitoring [19,20].…”

Functional implications of bound phenolic compounds and phenolics–food interaction: A review

“…However, native PCs were primarily transformed during the passage through the cell monolayer, thus suggesting profound cellular modifications. In another work, Hithamani et al (2017) evaluated the uptake of PCs from millet and onion by human intestinal Caco-2 cells, showing a clear impact of sprouting and heat treatments on the transport of individual PCs from apical to the basolateral compartment across Caco-2 monolayer, with a higher permeability of phenolic acids than flavonoids.…”

Characterization of the Trans-Epithelial Transport of Green Tea (C. sinensis) Catechin Extracts with In Vitro Inhibitory Effect against the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Activity

“…Notably, Caco-2 cells are a valuable and reliable model to rapidly assess the cellular permeability of potentially bioactive compounds, elucidate pathways of their transport, and study their metabolism in the gut [32]. This model, initially developed for drug-absorption screening, is also successfully applied worldwide to study food bioactivity [33]. The steady-state study was designed to treat Caco-2 cells with the fraction F5 at 20, 50, and 200 µg mL −1 for 2 h. The treatment at 50 and 200 µg mL −1 affected the monolayer integrity as monitored by TEER (transepithelial electrical resistance) values and phenol red passage (data not shown).…”