Uptake of Mineral Elements During Abiotic Stress

Abstract

Several environmental factors infl uence the mineral uptake of plants, including pH, redox potential, and the presence of xenobiotics as well as the temperature and salinity. Changes in environmental conditions affect the biological and physiological response of plants. Most important targets of plants are maintained by the ion homeostasis and mineral uptake in stress conditions. Plants may use the different procedures to regulate homeostasis. In general, Na salt stress decreases the levels of cationic nutrients such as K, Ca, and Mg due to competition for ion transport sites. Drought and salinity stress are physiologically related and the tolerance mechanisms overlap. Metals can interfere with mineral nutrition and change the concentration and composition of plant nutrients. Besides, metals may also alter the conformation of proteins, including transporters, or regulator proteins. Herbicides may disrupt the function and integrity of the cell membrane, and signifi cant ion losses can occur. However, molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of interactions between abiotic stress and mineral uptake is lacking. Thus, future studies will focus on these aspects. In this chapter, the effects of some common stressors, such as salinity, drought, metals, herbicides, and on nutrient uptake are elucidated.

Phenotypic flexibility and drought avoidance in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)

“…N is a primary mineral nutrient that comprises about 80% of the total nutrients absorbed by plants (Kaur et al, 2017;Duman, 2012). Plants usually uptakes the N in the inorganic form, either as nitrate (NO 3 − ) or ammonium (NH 4 + ), where NO 3 − is usually the major source of N for plants (Kaur et al, 2017;Sahoo et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2009).…”

“…The most tolerant taro accessions can increase or maintain WUE under drought, improving or showing a small decrease in total plant biomass (TPB) and yield (Gouveia et al, 2019a;Ganança et al, 2018). Drought can lead to a nutrient deficiency, since the amount of water availability and nitrogen (N) absorption are strongly correlated (Duman, 2012). Tolerant accessions exhibit higher yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), under low input or drought conditions (Yuan and Peng, 2017).…”

Fruit Yield and Nutritional Characteristics of Sweet Pepper Grown Under Salt Stress in Hydroponic System

“…The salinity of the soil solution surrounding roots hinders the water and nutrients absorption, causing nutritional imbalance, decreasing the availability of essential ions due to antagonistic effects of Na + with K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Clwith NO 3 -, SO 4 -, PO 4 3-(PRISCO; GOMES FILHO, 2010;FREIRE et al, 2010;KAHLAOUI et al, 2011;HAJIAGHAEI-KAMRANI; HOSSEINNIYA, 2013), thus decreasing the fruit yield of most crops TESTER, 2008;DUMAN, 2012).…”

“…The cultivar Rubia, on the other hand, had P contents lower than 2.0 g kg -1 only under the highest ECsol. Decreased P contents due to increasing salinity were caused probably by the high levels of the Cl ion, which can have antagonistic interactions with phosphorus (FREIRE et al, 2010;KAHLAOUI et al, 2011;HAJIAGHAEI-KAMRANI; HOSSEINNIYA, 2013), however, there is no clear evidence of the interaction between salinity and changes in phosphorus absorption (DUMAN, 2012).…”

“…The leaf Na:K and Na:Ca ratios of both cultivars increased linearly with increasing ECsol (Figure 3). Under salinity conditions, with excess Na and Cl, the high Na: K and Na:Ca ratio results in ionic toxicity (Na + and Cl -) and ionic imbalance (DUMAN, 2012). Salinity often inhibit absorption of potassium and calcium ions due to competition of sodium by absorption sites in the cell membrane, since Na is absorbed through K-specific transporters and low affinity cation channels, or non-selective channels, the latter also transports Na, Ca and K (MÄSER; GIERTH; SCHROEDER, 2002).…”