Uptake of milk with and without solid feed during the monogastric phase: Effect on fibrolytic and methanogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of calves

Guzman, Cesar E.; Bereza-Malcolm, Lara; Groef, Bert De; Franks, Ashley E.

doi:10.1111/asj.12429

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Methanomethylophilus alvus ), bacteria known to occupy different metabolic niches ( Bacteroides, Butyrivibrio, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus ) and anaerobic fungi with known prominent roles in fiber degradation ( Caecomyces, Orpinomyces , SK3). These results show that colonization of archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities occur prior to the introduction of solid food (Bryant et al, 1958 ; Fonty et al, 1987 ; Rey et al, 2014 ; Guzman et al, 2016 ) and supports the suggestion that microbiota-related interventions could be viable right after birth (Abecia et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of Pre-weaning Diet on the Ruminal Archaeal, Bacterial, and Fungal Communities of Dairy Calves

et al. 2017

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At birth, calves display an underdeveloped rumen that eventually matures into a fully functional rumen as a result of solid food intake and microbial activity. However, little is known regarding the gradual impact of pre-weaning diet on the establishment of the rumen microbiota. Here, we employed next-generation sequencing to investigate the effects of the inclusion of starter concentrate (M: milk-fed vs. MC: milk plus starter concentrate fed) on archaeal, bacterial and anaerobic fungal communities in the rumens of 45 crossbred dairy calves across pre-weaning development (7, 28, 49, and 63 days). Our results show that archaeal, bacterial, and fungal taxa commonly found in the mature rumen were already established in the rumens of calves at 7 days old, regardless of diet. This confirms that microbiota colonization occurs in the absence of solid substrate. However, diet did significantly impact some microbial taxa. In the bacterial community, feeding starter concentrate promoted greater diversity of bacterial taxa known to degrade readily fermentable carbohydrates in the rumen (e.g., Megasphaera, Sharpea, and Succinivribrio). Shifts in the ruminal bacterial community also correlated to changes in fermentation patterns that favored the colonization of Methanosphaera sp. A4 in the rumen of MC calves. In contrast, M calves displayed a bacterial community dominated by taxa able to utilize milk nutrients (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides). In both diet groups, the dominance of these milk-associated taxa decreased with age, suggesting that diet and age simultaneously drive changes in the structure and abundance of bacterial communities in the developing rumen. Changes in the composition and abundance of archaeal communities were attributed exclusively to diet, with more highly abundant Methanosphaera and less abundant Methanobrevibacter in MC calves. Finally, the fungal community was dominated by members of the genus SK3 and Caecomyces. Relative anaerobic fungal abundances did not change significantly in response to diet or age, likely due to high inter-animal variation and the low fiber content of starter concentrate. This study provides new insights into the colonization of archaea, bacteria, and anaerobic fungi communities in pre-ruminant calves that may be useful in designing strategies to promote colonization of target communities to improve functional development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of Pre-weaning Diet on the Ruminal Archaeal, Bacterial, and Fungal Communities of Dairy Calves

et al. 2017

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“…Apart from the change of diet structure and components, weaning also involves both psychological and physiological stress as the kids were no longer raised together with the dams 45, 46 . However, as a strategy to adapt the suckling ruminants to a diet composed of forage and concentrates and reduce the cost of production, early weaning has been studied intensively and regarded as an effective approach in manipulating the microbial community and improving rumen fermentation 9, 47 . It was also revealed in the PCoA analysis that the methanogen community in RE was distinct from those in the other fractions for most of the time throughout rumen development, as supported by previous studies which reported differences between the epithelial tissue-associated and the rumen contents-associated bacterial communities 29, 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and manipulation of metabolically active methanogen community composition during rumen development in black goats

Zuo

Elekwachi

Jiao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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This study was performed to investigate the initial colonization of metabolically active methanogens and subsequent changes in four fractions: the rumen solid-phase (RS), liquid-phase (RL), protozoa-associated (RP), and epithelium-associated (RE) from 1 to 60 d after birth, and manipulate methanogen community by early weaning on 40 d and supplementing rhubarb from 40 to 60 d in black goats. The RNA-based real-time quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were employed to indicate the metabolically active methanogens. Results showed that active methanogens colonized in RL and RE on 1 d after birth. RP and RE contained the highest and lowest density of methanogens, respectively. Methanobrevibacter, Candidatus Methanomethylophilus, and Methanosphaera were the top three genera. The methanogen communities before weaning differed from those post weaning and the structure of the methanogen community in RE was distinct from those in the other three fractions. The discrepancies in the distribution of methanogens across four fractions, and various fluctuations in abundances among four fractions according to age were observed. The addition of rhubarb significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the abundances of Methanimicrococcus spp. in four fractions on 50 d, but did not change the methanogen community composition on 60 d.

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“…As a result, the GIT microbiota may be amenable to alterations that will have long-lasting impacts in the adult cow. However, analysis of the calf GIT microbiota has been limited to primarily the rumen, and previous work on other sections of the GIT has either pooled samples (18) or targeted specific bacterial species (19). This prevents capture of interanimal variation and provides a restricted picture of the bacterial diversity in the calf GIT.…”

Section: Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Community Dynamics across the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Dairy Calves during Preweaning Development

Dias

Marcondes

Souza

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbial communities play critical roles in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of preruminant calves by influencing performance and health. However, little is known about the establishment of microbial communities in the calf GIT or their dynamics during development. In this study, next-generation sequencing was used to assess changes in the bacterial communities of the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon in 26 crossbred calves at four developmental stages (7, 28, 49, and 63 days old). Alpha diversity differed among GIT regions with the lowest diversity and evenness in the jejunum, whereas no changes in alpha diversity were observed across developmental stage. Beta diversity analysis showed both region and age effects, with low numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between regions within a given age group or between ages in a given region. Taxonomic analysis revealed that several taxa coexisted in the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon but that their abundances differed considerably by GIT region and age. As calves aged, we observed lower abundances of taxa such as ,, and with higher abundances of and in the rumen. The jejunum also displayed taxonomic changes with increases in and taxa in older calves. In the lower gut, taxa such as, , and decreased and S24-7, , and increased as calves aged. These data support a model whereby early and successive colonization by bacteria occurs across the GIT of calves and provides insights into the temporal dynamics of the GIT microbiota of dairy calves during preweaning development. The gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of ruminants, such as dairy cows, house complex microbial communities that contribute to their overall health and support their ability to produce milk. For example, the rumen microbiota converts feed into usable nutrients, while the jejunal microbiota provides access to protein. Thus, establishing a properly functioning GIT microbiota in dairy calves is critical to their productivity as adult cows. However, little is known about the establishment, maintenance, and dynamics of the calf GIT microbiota in early life. In this study, we evaluated the bacterial communities in the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon in dairy calves across preweaning development and show that they are highly variable early on in life before transitioning to a stable community. Understanding the dairy calf GIT microbiota has implications for ensuring proper health during early life and will aid in efforts to develop strategies for improving downstream production.

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Uptake of milk with and without solid feed during the monogastric phase: Effect on fibrolytic and methanogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of calves

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Effect of Pre-weaning Diet on the Ruminal Archaeal, Bacterial, and Fungal Communities of Dairy Calves

Effect of Pre-weaning Diet on the Ruminal Archaeal, Bacterial, and Fungal Communities of Dairy Calves

Investigation and manipulation of metabolically active methanogen community composition during rumen development in black goats

Bacterial Community Dynamics across the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Dairy Calves during Preweaning Development

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