Abstract:Background: The contraceptive method has become an essential factor in the life of most women of reproductive age group; although it varies in different stages of their life course. The use of long acting reversible methods (LARC) is proposed as a strategy to reverse undesirable maternal health consequences in developing countries. Objective: To determine the uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptive in The Gambia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study of women attending family planning clinic … Show more
“…The uptake of LARC in this study was 72.6%. This was similar to the rate reported by Dassah et al in Kumasi Ghana (70%) and ACOG among American women of 75% [4,9] but lower than the rate obtained in Enugu (90.2%) [10] and Gambia (88.7%) [11] . It was however higher than the reported rates of 26% in Malawi [12] , 38.7% in Kaduna [13] , 10.6% in Nnewi [14] , and that of the 2013 Nigerian health and demographic survey [1] .…”
“…The uptake of LARC in this study was 72.6%. This was similar to the rate reported by Dassah et al in Kumasi Ghana (70%) and ACOG among American women of 75% [4,9] but lower than the rate obtained in Enugu (90.2%) [10] and Gambia (88.7%) [11] . It was however higher than the reported rates of 26% in Malawi [12] , 38.7% in Kaduna [13] , 10.6% in Nnewi [14] , and that of the 2013 Nigerian health and demographic survey [1] .…”
“…Almost half of women who selected the IUD had a secondary education or higher, while 71% of implant users had no or only primary education. Most studies have found that higher education is associated with LARC uptake [37, 38], but these studies have not compared demographic differences in IUD versus implant uptake. It is possible that less educated women are still exposed to and aware of the hormonal implant simply because it is a more well-known method, but that only women with higher education are receiving information about the IUD.…”
Background
We coordinated community health worker (CHW) promotions with training and support of government clinic nurses to increase uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), specifically the copper intrauterine device (IUD) and the hormonal implant, in Kigali, Rwanda.
Methods
From August 2015 to September 2016, CHW provided fertility goal-based family planning counseling focused on LARC methods, engaged couples in family planning counseling, and provided written referrals to clients expressing interest in LARC methods. Simultaneously, we provided didactic and practical training to clinic nurses on LARC insertion and removal. We evaluated: 1) aggregate pre- versus post-implementation LARC uptake as a function of CHW promotions, and 2) demographic factors associated with LARC uptake among women responding to CHW referrals.
Results
7712 referrals were delivered by 184 CHW affiliated with eight government clinics resulting in 6072 family planning clinic visits (79% referral uptake). 95% of clinic visits resulted in LARC uptake (16% copper IUD, 79% hormonal implant). The monthly average for IUD insertions doubled from 29 prior to service implementation to 61 after (
p
< 0.0001), and the monthly average for implant insertions increased from 109 to 309 (p < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses, LARC uptake was associated (
p
< 0.05) with the CHW referral being issued to the couple (versus the woman alone, adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.6), having more children (aOR = 1.3), desiring more children (aOR = 0.8), and having a religious affiliation (aOR = 2.9 Protestant, aOR = 3.1 Catholic, aOR = 2.5 Muslim each versus none/other). Implant versus non-LARC uptake was associated with having little or no education; meanwhile, having higher education was associated with IUD versus implant uptake.
Conclusions
Fertility goal-based and couple-focused family planning counseling delivered by CHW, coupled with LARC training and support of nursing staff, substantially increased uptake of LARC methods.
“…Huda et al also mentioned OCP as the first choice, followed by contraceptive injections after reviewing ten FP articles of Bangladesh related to contraceptive practices among married women of reproductive age [ 26 ]. In some places in Africa [ 27 ], after having a child long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) was found at the highest rate in contraceptive use. Use of condom as contraceptive was less than 5% in rural community that showed minimum male participation in fertility control and it was also matched with the findings of BDHS [ 8 ].…”
Women’s fertility decision is quite difficult in male-dominant rural culture due to their poor reproductive autonomy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural community of Bangladesh between November 2017 and February 2018 among 1285 respondents selected by multi-stage stratified sampling to explore regional variations of rural women’s fertility control behavior and its determinants using hierarchical and other inferential statistics. Data collection was done by face-to-face interview using questionnaire. Average parity was 2.5 per woman and 41% respondents had three or more children. About 60% of them used modern contraceptives (MCs) and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) was their first choice. Male participation in contraceptive use was less than 5%. Regional variation, women’s empowerment, fertility control knowledge, family planning (FP) attitude, social influence, perceived behavioral control (PBC) and fertility intention were significant predictors of fertility control behavior (p < 0.05). Significant regional variations were determined in fertility control behavior of rural women (p < 0.05). Almost all of its predictors explained by Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) also showed significant regional variations (p < 0.05). Current fertility control policy should be strengthened more not only to improve fertility behavior of rural women but also to establish regional equity in fertility control by improving their reproductive decision-making in a rational way.
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